第一篇：2014高考英語試題

2014全國高考匯編之狀語從句

14安徽）25．The meaning of the word “nice' changed a few timesit finally came to include the sense ”pleasant."

A.beforeB.afterC.sinceD.while

【考點】考察狀語從句連詞詞義辨析【答案】A

【解析】連詞before在?之前；after在?之后；since自從，既然；D當(dāng)?時；然而；句義：在“nice”這個詞最后包括有“pleasant”的意義之前，它的意思已經(jīng)變化了好幾次了。本句中的副詞finally說明最后nice包括有“pleasnt”的意思，說明意義多次變化是之前發(fā)生的事情。

【舉一反三】You can’t borrow books from the school library ______ you get your student card.A.beforeB.ifC.whileD.as

〖答案〗A〖考點〗本題考查狀語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。

〖解析〗該句的意思是：在你得到你的學(xué)生卡之前你不能從學(xué)校圖書館借書。所以選before（14北京）29.____the forest park is far away, a lot of tourists visit it every year.A.As B.When C.Even though D.In case

【考點】考察狀語從句連詞辨析 【答案】C

【解析】本題的狀語從句連詞都是常用的連詞。As由于，因為；隨著；when當(dāng)?時；even though即使，盡管；in case以防；句意：即使那個森林公園很遙遠，但是每年都有很多游客到那里參觀。根據(jù)句意可知上下文之間有轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，所以使用even though表示讓步轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。（2014湖南卷）21.Children，whenby their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium.A.to be accompanied B.to accompany C.accompanying D.accompanied

【考點】考察狀語從句和省略 【答案】D

【解析】本題考察的是狀語從句的省略：當(dāng)狀語從句的主語和主句主語一致且含有be動詞的時候，可以把狀語從句的主語和be動詞一起省略。本題在when的后面省略了they are。因為children和動詞allow構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，所以使用過去分詞表示被動。句義：當(dāng)孩子有父母親陪伴的時候，他們是被允許進入體育館的。故D正確。

【試題延伸】本題考察是狀語從句的省略，實際上可以把when也省略掉，就變成了非謂語動詞中的分詞做狀語的用法。

【舉一反三】The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise, ifregularly, can improve our health.A.being carried out B.carrying out C.carried out D.to carry out

〖答案〗C 〖考點〗本題考查if條件句中的省略情況。

本句的句子的主語是the experiment；謂語動詞是shows；that引導(dǎo)賓語從句, 賓語從句的主干事：proper amounts of exercise can improve our health, if_____ regularly是插入的條件從句, 從句的主語是proper amounts of exercise, 此時應(yīng)用it代替前面提到的主語, 條件句的主語與主句的主語一致, 并且含有is, 故省略了it is, 完整形式是： 1

if it is carried out。句意為：這項實驗表明, 適當(dāng)?shù)倪\動, 如果有規(guī)律的進行, 能夠有助于我們的身體健康。

（2014湖南卷）26.You will never gain successyou are fully devoted to your work.A.whenB.becauseC.afterD.unless

【考點】考察狀語從句中的連詞辨析【答案】D

【解析】本句主要考察連詞辨析。When當(dāng)?時；because因為；after在?之后；unless除非，如果?不?；句義：如果你不能努力工作，你永遠都成功不了。本句中的unless相當(dāng)于if?not?根據(jù)句義說明D正確。

【舉一反三】It is hard for the Greek government to get over the present difficulties_________ gets more financial support from the European Union.A.ifB.unlessC.becauseD.since

【考點】考查從句的連詞【答案】B

【解析】根據(jù)句意可知“除非有來自歐洲聯(lián)盟的更多的經(jīng)濟支持，否則希臘政府很難克服目前的困難”，只能選擇unless“除非”才能使句意完整?？疾闋钫Z從句的連詞題事實上非常簡單，只要找到句中的關(guān)鍵詞，然后從句意上去排除就行了，本題關(guān)鍵詞是hard和more financial support。

（14江蘇）21.Lessons can be learned to face the future,history cannot be changed.A.thoughB.asC.sinceD.unless

【考點】考察狀語從句連詞辨析【答案】A

【解析】Though盡管；as隨著，因為；since自從，既然；unless除非，如果?不?；句意：盡管歷史不能改變，但是為了面對未來我們還是要從歷史中學(xué)會教訓(xùn)。根據(jù)句意可知上下文之間存在著轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，所以使用though表示讓步和轉(zhuǎn)折。

【舉一反三】It was a nice meal, _______a little expensive.A.thoughB.whetherC.asD.since

【答案】A【考點】考查連詞。句意：那頓飯真美味，盡管有點貴。Though”盡管”，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，該句使用了省略形式，補全為“though it was a little expensive”注意as也可以表示“盡管”，但as作此意時必須使用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。

（2014江西卷）35.It was the middle of the night __ my father woke me up and told me to watch the football game.A.thatB.asC.whichD.when

【考點】考察狀語從句【答案】D

【解析】本句中的when引導(dǎo)的是一個時間狀語從句。句義：當(dāng)我的父親把我叫醒并我告訴我看足球賽的時候，那時在半夜。本句容易錯選A項，認為是強調(diào)句型。實際上the middle of the night不能單獨做時間狀語，如果在the middle of the night前面加上in，本題就可以選擇A項了。

（2014山東卷）2.I don’t really like the author,_______ I have to admit his books are very exciting.A.althoughB.unlessC.untilD.once

【考點】考察狀語從句連詞辨析【答案】A

【解析】本題考察的是狀語從句的連詞表示。Although盡管；unless除非，如果?不?；until直到?才?；once一旦；句義：盡管我承認這本書很精彩，但是我并不喜歡這本書的作者。根據(jù)句義可知上下文之間存在這轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，四個選項中只有A項表示上下文的轉(zhuǎn)折。

【試題延伸】此題主要考查連詞的辨析，選擇連詞主要是看前后句的關(guān)系，因果關(guān)系用表因果的連詞，轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系用轉(zhuǎn)折連詞，并列關(guān)系用并列連詞，要求考生具有一定的句子分析能力和詞義辨析能力。

【舉一反三】I don't believe we've met before,I must say you do look familiar.A.thereforeB.although

C.sinceD.unless

【答案】B【解析】句意：盡管我一定說你確實看起來熟悉，但我相信我們以前沒見過面。根據(jù)句意只有although符合題意。

（2014陜西卷）24.The young couple, who returned my lost wallet, left _______ I could ask for their names.A.whileB.beforeC.afterD.since

【考點】考察狀語從句連詞辨析【答案】B

【解析】本題考察的是狀語從句連詞辨析.while當(dāng)?時；然而；before在?之前；after在?之后；since自從；before有多種不同的翻譯方法。句義：歸還我丟掉的錢包的那對年輕的夫妻在我問他們名字之前就離開了。故B正確。

【舉一反三】You can’t borrow books from the school library ______ you get your student card.A.beforeB.ifC.whileD.as

〖答案〗A〖考點〗本題考查狀語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。

〖解析〗該句的意思是：在你得到你的學(xué)生卡之前你不能從學(xué)校圖書館借書。所以選before。（2014四川卷）8.I'll be out for some time.______ anything important happens, call me up immediately.A.In caseB.As ifC.Even thoughD.Now that

【考點】考察狀語從句連詞辨析【答案】A

【解析】本題四個連詞都是狀語從句中常考的連詞。in case“萬一，以防”；as if“似乎，好像”；even though“即使，盡管”；now that“既然，由于”（now有時可以省略）。句意：我要出去一下。萬一有什么重要事，請立刻打我電話。根據(jù)句義說明A正確。

（14天津卷）4._______ you start eating in a healthier way, weight control will become much easier.A.unlessB.AlthoughC.BeforeD.Once

【考點】考察狀語從句連詞辨析

【答案】D 【解析】unless除非?；如果?不?；although盡管；before在?之前；once一旦，曾經(jīng)；句義：一旦你開始以一種健康的方式吃飯，控制體重就會變得更加容易。根據(jù)句義可知once表示“一旦”，引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句。故D正確。

【舉一反三】they decide which college to go to, students should research the admission procedures.A.AsB.WhileC.UntilD.Once

〖答案〗D 〖考點〗本題考查連詞。

〖解析〗此題重在句意的判斷。“一旦學(xué)生們決定了去哪所大學(xué)讀書, 他們就得研究下辦理入學(xué)的手續(xù)。”A.As當(dāng)；因為...B.while做連詞強調(diào)一件事發(fā)生時另外一個動作正在進行；C.Until直到...D.Once一旦。因此選D

（2014浙江卷）15.Cathy had quit her job when her son was born _______ she could stay home and raise her family.A.now thatB.as ifC.only ifD.so that

【考點】考察狀語從句連詞辨析 【答案】D

【解析】本題中的連詞短語now that既然；as if似乎，好像；only if只要?；so that以至于，結(jié)果是；句意：當(dāng)Cathy的兒子出生的時候，Cathy一句辭職了，以至于他可以待在家里撫養(yǎng)孩子。根據(jù)句意可知本句中的so that引導(dǎo)的是一個目的狀語從句，從句中常常會有其他動詞can等。根據(jù)句意說明D項正確。

第二篇：1991年高考英語試題

1991 年 試 題(MET)

第Ⅰ卷

第一部分(K)英語知識

KⅠ.語音和拼寫知識（共10小題，計分5%）

A)從A、B、C、D中找出其劃線部分與所給單詞的劃線部分讀音相同的選項。例：have A.gave B.save C.hat D.made 答案是C.1.month A.government B.common C.along D.monument 2.cough A.daughter B.enough C.fight D.neighbour 3.ahead A.cheap B.break C.season D.breath 4.natural A.nature B.population C.practice D.native 5.salt A.chalk B.calm C.almost D.half B)以下所給單詞均不完整，請從A、B、C、D中選出適當(dāng)?shù)淖帜富蜃帜附M合，使其完整與正確。

例：alr dy A.ea B.ee C.ie D.eu 答案是A。6.capt n A.ai B.ia C.ie D.ei 7.techni A.gue B.cue C.kue D.que 8.p sonous A.io B.oi C.eo D.oe 9.st mach A.u B.a C.e D.o 10.tr sers A.au B.ou C.aw D.ow KⅡ.單項填空（共30小題，計分15%）

從A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的正確答案。例：He comes late sometimes, ? A.is he B.isn't he C.comes he D.doesn't he 答案是D。

11.Will you me a favour, please? A.give B.make C.do D.bring 12., I went to the railway station to see my friend off.江蘇大方教學(xué)測試實驗室編 A.After eating quickly my dinner B.After my quickly eating dinner C.After eating my dinner quickly D.After eating my quickly dinner 13.I learned to a bicycle as a small boy.A.drive B.ride C.operate D.run 14.Does matter if he can't finish the job on time? A.this B.that C.he D.it 15.A computer think for itself;it must be told what to do.A.can't B.couldn't C.may not D.might not 16.Don't smoke in the meeting-room, ? A.do you B.will you C.can you D.could you 17.-Have you moved into the new house?-Not yet.The rooms.A.are being painted B.are painting C.are painted D.are being painting 18.Alexander Graham Bell invented telephone in 1876.A.(不填)B.a C.the D.one 19.We each other the best of luck in the examination.A.hoped B.wanted C.expected D.wished 20.!There's a train coming.A.Look out B.Look around C.Look forward D.Look on 21.-Will somebody go and get Dr White?-He's already been.A.asked for B.sent for C.called for D.looked for 22.The murderer was brought in, with his hands behind his back.A.being tied B.having tied C.to be tied D.tied 23.-We haven't heard from Jane for a long time.-What do you suppose to her? A.was happening B.to happen C.has happened D.having happened 24.She heard a terrible noise, brought her heart into her mouth.A.it B.which C.this D.that 25.Mrs Smith warned her daugther after drinking.A.never to drive B.to never drive C.never driving D.never drive 26.-Do you know Jim quarrelled with his brother?-I don't know,.A.nor don't I care B.nor do I care C.I don't care neither D.I don't care also 27.-How did you find your visit to the museum?-I thoroughly enjoyed it.It was than I expected.A.far more interesting B.even much interesting C.so more interesting D.a lot much interesting 28.We couldn't eat in a restaurant because of us had money on us.A.all;no B.any;no C.none;any D.no one;any 29.On Saturday afternoon, Mrs Green went to the market, some bananas and visited her cousin.A.bought B.buying C.to buy D.buy 30.These oranges taste.A.good B.well C.to be good D.to be well 31.The students busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she in the office.A.had written;left B.were writing;has left C.had written;had left D.were writing;had left 32.When and where to build the new factory yet.A.is not decided B.are not decided C.has not decided D.have not decided 33.The secretary worked late into the night, a long speech for the president.A.to prepare B.preparing C.prepared D.was preparing 34.I can hardly imagine Peter across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.A.sail B.to sail C.sailing D.to have sailed 35.-The light in the office is still on.-Oh, I forgot.A.turning it off B.turn it off C.to turn it off D.having turned it off 36.The hero of the story is an artist in his.A.thirtieth B.thirty C.thirty's D.thirties 37.No one can be sure in a million years.A.what man will look like B.what will man look like C.man will look like what D.what look will man like 38.Without electricity human life quite different today.A.is B.will be C.would have been D.would be 39.John was made the truck for a week as a punishment.A.to wash B.washing C.wash D.to be washing 40.Although he is considered a great writer,.A.his works are not widely read B.but his works are not widely read C.however his works are not widely read D.still his works are not widely read

第二部分(KU)英語知識綜合運用

KU.完形填空（共25小題，計分25%）

閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后從41-65各題所給的四個選項中，選出一個最佳答案。On the night of the play, Jack was at the theatre early and he was already dressed in a policeman's clothes long 41 the end of the first scene.He certainly looked the part all right, he thought as he 42 himself in the mirror.He 43 thought of going out into the street to see 44 he could pass as 45 out there.Just for 46 ,of course.Then he suddenly felt nervous.After all, it was his first time to 47 a part in a play.48 could he face all those people 49 the play? He put his head in his hands and tried to 50 his lines(臺詞), but nothing 51 to his mind.A knock on the door made him look 52.He was to go on stage(舞臺)in the second scene.“Have I 53 my part and ruined(破壞)the play for everybody?” he thought to himself.But 54 was only the manager.She 55 how nervous he was and 56 he should stand near the stage 57 he could watch and follow the play.It was a good 58 of getting rid of his nervousness, she said.She was right, it seemed to 59.In fact the more he watched the play, the 60 he felt himself part of it.At last the 61 came for him to appear on the stage.But suddenly the manager came to him again, 62 worried as she placed a hand on his arm to 63 him back.“Has anything gone 64 ?” Jack asked.“I'm afraid you're going to be 65 ,” she said.“They've jumped three pages of the play and have missed your part out completely.” 41.A.before B.by C.after D.at 42.A.looked B.showed C.admired D.enjoyed 43.A.just B.even C.still D.already 44.A.how B.why C.as if D.whether 45.A.a policeman B.an inspector C.an officer D.a manager 46.A.joke B.fun C.play D.exercise 47.A.make B.join C.have D.give 48.A.Where B.Why C.When D.How 49.A.following B.attending C.watching D.observing 50.A.read B.remember C.understand D.learn 51.A.came B.went C.happened D.got 52.A.away B.up C.out D.down 53.A.passed B.left C.missed D.failed 54.A.this B.that C.she D.it 55.A.wondered B.imagined C.noticed D.examined 56.A.agreed B.suggested C.persuaded D.encouraged 57.A.where B.when C.that D.there 58.A.idea B.way C.path D.plan 59.A.do B.win C.work D.act 60.A.less B.harder C.better D.more 61.A.hour B.minute C.moment D.period 62.A.feeling B.looking C.sounding D.growing 63.A.hold B.take C.catch D.push 64.A.bad B.late C.mad D.wrong 65.A.frightened B.excited C.disappointed D.pleased

第三部分(U)英語應(yīng)用

UⅠ.閱讀理解（共20小題，計分40%）

閱讀下列短文，并做每篇后面的題目。從四個選項中，選出能回答所提問題或完成所給句子的最佳答案。

(A)

O.Henry was a pen name used by an American writer of short stories.His real name was William Sydney Porter.He was born in North Carolina in 1862.As a young boy he lived an exciting life.He did not go to school for very long, but he managed to teach himself everything he needed to know.When he was about 20 years old, O.Henry went to Texas, where he tried different jobs.He first worked on a newspaper, and then had a job in a bank.When some money went missing from the bank, O.Henry was believed to have stolen it.Because of that, he was sent to prison.During the three years in prison, he learned to write short stories.After he got out of prison, he went to New York and continued writing.He wrote mostly about New York and the life of the poor there.People liked his stories, because simple as the tales were, they would finish with a sudden change at the end, to the readers'surprise.66.In which order did O.Henry do the following things? a.Lived in New York b.Worked in a bank c.Travelled to Texas d.Was put in prison e.Had a newspaper job f.Learned to write stories A.e, c, f, b, d, a B.c, e, b, d, f, a C.e, b, d, c, a, f D.c, b, e, d, a, f 67.People enjoyed reading O.Henry's stories because A.they had surprise endings.B.they were easy to understand.C.they showed his love for the poor.D.they were about New York City.68.O.Henry went to prison because A.people thought he had stolen money from the newspaper.B.he broke the law by not using his own name.C.he wanted to write stories about prisoners.D.people thought he had taken money that was not his.69.What do we know about O.Henry before he began writing? A.He was well-educated.B.He was not serious about his work.C.He was devoted to the poor.D.He was very good at learning.70.Where did O.Henry get most material for his short stories? A.His life inside the prison.B.The newspaper articles he wrote.C.The city and people of New York.D.His exciting early life as a boy.(B)

Indianapolis is the capital and largest city of Indiana,U.S.A.With a population of 744,000, it is one of the largest cities in the world that cannot be reached by water.However, Indianapolis is a city through which many railways, roads, buses and planes pass.There are many factories which make trucks, farm tools, and electrical things.These factories cause little pollution for the city.Butler University, well-known for engineering, and the law and medical schools of Indiana University, are in the city centre.Nearby is the Indianapolis race course, where the nation's most famous car race is held each year on May 30th.If you visited Indianapolis you would be able to find your way around easily because most of the streets cross each other like a chessboard(棋盤).In the centre of the city, called the Circle, stands the Soldiers'and Sailors'Monument, 100 metres high.Also in the centre there are many buildings made of the famous Indiana stone, which makes them white in colour.71.What is Indianapolis best known for? A.Its yearly motor race.B.Its schools and libraries.C.Its universities and medical schools.D.Its Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument.72.You can NOT travel to Indianapolis by A.boat.B.train.C.car.D.bike.73.From the text, what do we learn about the size of Indianapolis? A.It is the largest city in the U.S.A.B.It has a population of over a million.C.It has a population of under a million.D.It is one of the largest cities in the world.74.It is easy for a stranger to go about in the city because A.most of the buildings are in the centre of the city.B.there are many different ways of travelling there.C.the buildings are very close to each other.D.the city is planned in squares.75.Many buildings in Indianapolis are white because A.they are painted white every year.B.the Indianan people keep them clean.C.they are made of a special stone.D.there is little pollution from factories(C)

Moscow,Russia(space news)-“The computer is a better chess player,” insisted Viktor Prozorov, the loser.“It seemed as if it were laughing after every good move.I know I should have beaten it for the sake of mankind(為人類著想), but I just couldn't win,” he announced and shook his head sadly.Prozorov's disappointment was shared by several grand masters who were present, some of whom were so upset that they shouted at the machine.Many chess players said that this meant the end of chess championships(錦標(biāo)賽)around the world, since the fun had been taken out of the game.The computer walked-or rather, rolled-away with 5,000 dollars in prize money and limited its remarks to a set of noises and lights.76.Which of the following best gives the main idea of this newspaper article? A.5,000 dollars goes to a computer!B.New invention: a laughing computer!C.World's best chess player beaten!D.Computer defeats man in chess!77.How did some of the grand masters feel about the chess game between Prozorov and the computer? A.They thought that the game was no fun.B.They thought that the game wasn't fair.C.They agreed that Prozorov didn't play well.D.They were unhappy that the computer had won.78.What was it that Prozorov felt most bitter(懊惱)about? A.That he didn't win the $ 5,000.B.That he hadn't tried his best.C.That he had lost to a machine.D.That this was the end of the chess game.79.After winning the game,the computer A.laughed.B.walked away.C.made some remarks.D.gave out some lights and sounds.80.Many chess players felt that playing with a computer would A.make the game tougher.B.make the game less interesting.C.make man appear foolish.D.make man lose lots of money.(D)

One day a few years ago a very funny thing happened to a neighbour of mine.He is a teacher at one of London's big medical schools.He had finished his teaching for the summer term and was at the airport on his way to Russia to give a lecture.He had put a few clothes and his lecture notes in his shoulder bag, but he had put Rupert, the skeleton(人體骨架)to be used in his lecture, in a large brown suitcase(箱子).At the airport desk, he suddenly thought that he had forgotten to buy a newspaper.He left his suitcase near the desk and went over to the shop.When he got back he discovered that someone had taken his suitcase by mistake.He often wonders what they said when they got home and found Rupert.81.Who wrote the story? A.Rupert's teacher.B.The neighbour's teacher.C.A medical school teacher.D.The teacher's neighbour.82.Why did the teacher put a skeleton in his suitcase? A.He needed it for the summer term in London.B.He needed it for the lecture he was going to give.C.He wanted to take it to Russia for medical research.D.He wanted to take it home as he had finished his teaching.83.What happened at the airport? A.The skeleton went missing.B.The skeleton was stolen.C.The teacher forgot his suitcase.D.The teacher took the wrong suitcase.84.Which of the following best tells the teacher's feeling about the incident? A.He is very angry.B.He thinks it rather funny.C.He feels helpless without Rupert.D.He feels good without Rupert.85.Which of the following might have happened afterwards? A.The teacher got back the suitcase but not Rupert.B.The teacher got back neither the suitcase nor Rupert.C.The teacher got back Rupert but not the suitcase.D.The teacher got back both the suitcase and Rupert.第Ⅱ卷

UⅡ.書面表達（共1題，計分15%）上海出版一份“學(xué)生英文報”，對象是我國的學(xué)生。請用英語為該報寫一段人物介紹，介紹少年體育明星孫淑偉。內(nèi)容要點如下： 1.簡況：孫淑偉(Sun Shuwei)，男，14歲，廣東(Guangdong)人 2.訓(xùn)練項目：跳水(diving)3.取得成績：第十一屆亞運會冠軍，第六屆世界游泳錦標(biāo)賽冠軍

（亞運會：the Asian Games

冠軍：champion

游泳錦標(biāo)賽：swimming championships）

4.其他情況：從小就喜歡游泳，8歲進廣東省跳水隊；在學(xué)校里認真學(xué)習(xí)，在跳水隊里認真訓(xùn)練，13歲進入國家隊；一年后(1990)奪得第十一屆亞運會金牌；今年年初獲第六屆世界游泳錦標(biāo)賽冠軍 注意：

1.要有標(biāo)題。

2.介紹須包括所有內(nèi)容要點，但不要逐條譯成英語。3.介紹的長度為80-120個詞。

1991 年 答 案(MET)

KEY TO 1-85:

1.A 2.B 3.D 4.C 5.C 6.A 7.D 8.B 9.D 10.B 11.C 12.C 13.B 14.D 15.A 16.B 17.A 18.C 19.D 20.A 21.B 22.D 23.C 24.B 25.A 26.B 27.A 28.C 29.A 30.A 31.D 32.A 33.B 34.C 35.C 36.D 37.A 38.D 39.A 40.A 41.A 42.C 43.B 44.D 45.A 46.B 47.C 48.D 49.C 50.B 51.A 52.B 53.C 54.D 55.C 56.B 57.A 58.B 59.C 60.D 61.C 62.B 63.A 64.D 65.C 66.B 67.A 68.D 69.D 70.C 71.A 72.A 73.C 74.D 75.C 76.D 77.D 78.C 79.D 80.B 81.D 82.B 83.A 84.B 85.B UⅡ One possible version:

Sun Shuwei-A World Champion in Diving

Sun Shuwei, a world champion in diving, is a boy of 14 from Guangdong.He loved swimming when he was a small boy and at eight he became a member of the diving team in Guangdong Province.He studied hard at school and trained hard for five years before he came to the national team.A year later in 1990, he won a gold medal at the 11th Asian Games and became a world champion at the 6th World Swimming Championships early this year.

第三篇：2017高考英語試題評析及2018高考建議

2017高考英語試題評析及2018高考建議

甘肅省甘谷第一中學(xué)

李霞

一、2017高考英語試題分析

通覽《2017年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試試題（新課標(biāo)I卷）》可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，今年高考英語命題緊扣《2017年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試大綱》和《2017年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試大綱的說明》，以考查學(xué)生關(guān)鍵能力和學(xué)科素養(yǎng)為主要目標(biāo)，堅持穩(wěn)定中求發(fā)展，持續(xù)提高試題信度和效度。

（一）落實立德樹人根本任務(wù)，凸顯高考思想性和育人功能

語言是知識與文化的載體，也是思維方式的體現(xiàn)?！?017年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試試題（新課標(biāo)I卷）》所有語篇和材料圍繞人與自我、人與社會、人與自然三大主題，題材涉及故事、科普、人文、社會現(xiàn)象、文化活動等，體裁包括記敘文、說明文、議論文、應(yīng)用文等。試卷內(nèi)容豐富、體裁多樣、時代性強，充分體現(xiàn)了高考命題的思想性和育人功能。

1．融入中國優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)文化，通過“講述中國好故事”引導(dǎo)增強文化自信 《2017年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試試題（新課標(biāo)I卷）》寫作部分第二節(jié)設(shè)置了考生教外國朋友學(xué)習(xí)漢語的情境，要求考生寫封郵件告知外國朋友下次上課計劃，內(nèi)容包括學(xué)習(xí)唐詩和了解唐朝的歷史。這些情境設(shè)置真實，任務(wù)要求符合中學(xué)生“李華”的能力水平，又自然融入了我國優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)文化內(nèi)容，能夠引導(dǎo)學(xué)生在使用外語了解世界的同時，注重傳承和發(fā)揚中華民族優(yōu)秀文明成果，運用中國元素講好中國故事，增強文化自信。

2．深度發(fā)掘文章思想內(nèi)涵，引導(dǎo)關(guān)注人類命運共同體

《2017年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試試題（新課標(biāo)I卷）》閱讀理解語篇選材廣泛，內(nèi)容涉及到科學(xué)館游覽信息（科技創(chuàng)新）、個人生活經(jīng)歷（深入思考人與自然的關(guān)系，感悟和諧發(fā)展之道）、音樂文化推廣（文化品格）和科普知識（創(chuàng)新精神）等，文體有記敘文、說明文、應(yīng)用文等，既貼近學(xué)生生活，又關(guān)注了人類命運共同體，考生讀起來有熟悉感，充分體現(xiàn)了對考生的語言能力、思維品質(zhì)、文化品格和學(xué)習(xí)能力的考查。根據(jù)話題的文章來設(shè)置相關(guān)題目，引導(dǎo)考生在理解文章內(nèi)容和作者觀點態(tài)度的基礎(chǔ)上關(guān)注中國和世界發(fā)展大勢，深入思考人與自然的關(guān)系，體悟和諧發(fā)展之道。

完形填空描述了作者學(xué)習(xí)ASL的相關(guān)情況，表達了對失聰者這一弱勢群體的關(guān)愛，同時也弘揚了“和諧社會”這一主題。本題既著力考查學(xué)生綜合運用語言的能力，即考查學(xué)生在語篇理解和邏輯推理基礎(chǔ)上考查詞語辨析和詞語搭配的能力。學(xué)生完成本題的過程也是弘揚核心價值觀的過程，體現(xiàn)了外語教學(xué)的教育性和思想性。

3．介紹報道科學(xué)知識，引導(dǎo)養(yǎng)成科學(xué)精神和人文情懷

《2017年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試試題（新課標(biāo)I卷）》選取了科普類文章：一卷文章主要介紹如何自制便攜式太陽能蒸餾器在野外獲取飲用水。這篇文章和題目不僅能讓學(xué)生體會到科學(xué)的無限趣味和實際用處，還會促使學(xué)生深入思考科技創(chuàng)新在人類生活和發(fā)展過程中起到的重要作用，有利于引導(dǎo)學(xué)生養(yǎng)成科學(xué)精神和人文情懷。

（二）試卷結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計科學(xué)合理，突出閱讀理解能力考查

《2017年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試試題（新課標(biāo)I卷）》試卷質(zhì)量進一步提升，試卷結(jié)構(gòu)得到進一步鞏固，在全面考查考生綜合語言運用能力（聽力理解能力、閱讀理解能力和寫作能力）的基礎(chǔ)上，突出了基礎(chǔ)性、綜合性考查，加強了應(yīng)用性和創(chuàng)新性考查。1．試卷結(jié)構(gòu)進一步鞏固

高考英語學(xué)科全國卷的結(jié)構(gòu)得到進一步鞏固，既考查理解英語口語和書面英語的能力，也考查運用相關(guān)詞匯和語法進行書面表達的能力。閱讀理解部分“四選一”和“七選五”兩種選擇題題型相結(jié)合，既考查理解文章具體信息的能力，又考查理解篇章及結(jié)構(gòu)的能力；完形填空、語法填空和短文改錯相輔相成，全面考查考生準(zhǔn)確運用英語詞匯、語法知識的能力；寫作任務(wù)情境設(shè)置緊貼生活實際，側(cè)重考查考生使用書面英語進行表達的能力。各種題型搭配科學(xué)合理，基本覆蓋了考生應(yīng)該掌握的必備語言知識和各語言技能包含的具體語言能力。2．突出閱讀理解能力考查

閱讀是我國學(xué)生接觸外語的主要途徑，它不僅有助于學(xué)生獲取大量的有效信息，正確認識世界和中國發(fā)展大勢，學(xué)習(xí)國外的先進經(jīng)驗，培養(yǎng)自己的國際意識，同時還在很大程度上影響其他語言技能的提高。所以，閱讀理解一直是高考英語試卷的重要組成部分，且被賦予較多的內(nèi)容和較高的分值。

高考英語對語言知識運用能力的考查和閱讀理解能力的考查都是在語篇層次方面進行，《2017年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試試題（新課標(biāo)I卷）》采用了8個閱讀語篇，閱讀理解部分5個，語言知識運用部分2個，寫作部分1個，體現(xiàn)出對閱讀理解能力的重視。閱讀需要從大量的書面材料中獲得需要的信息，因此，考查閱讀理解能力就必須提供足夠的閱讀材料。每年的高考閱讀理解部分都為考生提供了大量不同類型的閱讀材料，閱讀量也一直維持在一個較為穩(wěn)定的范圍內(nèi)?！?017年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試試題（新課標(biāo)I卷）》閱讀理解部分的單詞量與前幾年基本持平。

（三）試卷內(nèi)容設(shè)計科學(xué)，試題質(zhì)量不斷提升

高考以立德樹人為根本任務(wù)，服務(wù)于高校人才選拔的需求，同時對中學(xué)教學(xué)具有積極引導(dǎo)作用，因此高考須兼具公平性和科學(xué)性，需要具有適當(dāng)?shù)碾y度和必要的區(qū)分度。2017年高考英語命題難度控制合理，試題區(qū)分度進一步提高。1．命題匠心獨運，試卷兼具公平性和科學(xué)性

2017年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試試題（新課標(biāo)I卷）》內(nèi)容選材豐富，考查要求深入淺出，試卷公平性和科學(xué)性并舉。試題命制基于英語學(xué)科必備知識、關(guān)鍵能力、學(xué)科素養(yǎng)及核心價值的考查目標(biāo)，突出基礎(chǔ)性、綜合性、應(yīng)用性和創(chuàng)新性考查，試題設(shè)計精心，科學(xué)規(guī)范。同時，各套試卷保證對不同考生群體的考查公平合理，充分體現(xiàn)了高考命題的高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和嚴要求。2．試卷難度控制恰當(dāng)，試題區(qū)分度進一步提高

分析2017年高考英語命題的語篇和材料選擇、題目類型搭配以及考查要點設(shè)置可以發(fā)現(xiàn)：試卷著力將試卷難度控制在合理范圍之內(nèi)?！?017年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試試題（新課標(biāo)I卷）》所選語篇和材料難度水平呈階梯式分布，題目類型多樣且難易搭配合理，考查要點覆蓋面廣，各難度層級試題數(shù)量比例合適，能夠很好的區(qū)分不同能力水平的考生。3.注重基礎(chǔ)知識的考查。試卷中語言知識的考查基本源于教材，完全符合《課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》中所列的語法項目和功能項目，詞匯選取自“考試說明”中詞匯表內(nèi)的項目。各個題型所涉及的內(nèi)容都來自于《課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》所規(guī)定的相關(guān)話題。4.在考查語言知識的同時，注重語言能力的考查。

閱讀理解涵蓋了《考試大綱》中所列的考試應(yīng)具備的理解能力：1.理解主旨要義（第31題）；2.理解文中具體信息（第21、22、24、25等題）；3.根據(jù)上下文推斷單詞和短語的含義（第33題）；4.根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容作出判斷和推理（第30、31等題）5.理解作者的意圖、觀點和態(tài)度（第23、27題）；6.理解文章結(jié)構(gòu)（第29題）。

閱讀填空題（七選五）拓寬了閱讀理解能力考查的深度和廣度，不僅考查了考生句子層面的閱讀理解能力，還考查了語篇層次上的閱讀理解能力，即語感和語境領(lǐng)悟能力、把握作者思路的能力以及對整個語篇或語段的銜接手段與連貫性的敏感度。這些都是較高層次的閱讀理解能力。所填句子類型涉及到主旨概括句（第39、40題）、過渡性句子（第36題）以及注釋或解釋性句子（第37、38題），考生解題時需要運用篇章結(jié)構(gòu)、邏輯、連接、職稱等語境線索

語法填空題要求考生在特定的語境中，根據(jù)所提供的詞匯和空格進行合乎形式、意義和邏輯的判斷，既考查考生對基本詞匯及語法的掌握，又考查其在具體語言環(huán)境中運用語言的能力?？键c主要涉及到介詞（第61題）、名詞（第62題）、非謂語動詞（第63/68題）、語態(tài)（第64題）、冠詞（第65題）、詞形轉(zhuǎn)化（第66、69題）、時態(tài)（第67題）、復(fù)合句（第70題）等。

短文改錯題以語篇為情境，主要考查考生的詞、句、篇和語法的綜合水平，特別是考生運用自己所學(xué)的語法知識，發(fā)現(xiàn)、判斷、糾正文章中錯誤的能力。考點分布廣泛，涉及到詞法（數(shù)詞、冠詞、名詞、非謂語、形容詞/副詞等）、句法（時態(tài)）和邏輯等。

英語寫作要求考生根據(jù)題示進行書面表達，要求考生應(yīng)能清楚、連貫地傳遞信息，表達意思，有效運用所學(xué)語言知識，特別關(guān)注傳統(tǒng)文化的表達及關(guān)于中國文化的輸出方面的表達。

二、備考建議 根據(jù)2017年的高考卷的命題趨勢，2018屆的考生要高效復(fù)習(xí)需要注意如下幾點：

1.至少三千單詞量。最好是涵蓋考綱詞匯，再加上一些構(gòu)詞法構(gòu)成的詞，四千左右，確保閱讀試卷時沒有詞匯的障礙。

記單詞不能只記一個含義，要注意從句中篇章中了解這個詞的實際用法。有不少同學(xué)反映完形填空和閱讀理解的詞都認識，可是做題時還是“模棱兩可”，正確率不高。建議在確保記住詞匯表中的單詞含義后，多從閱讀理解、完形填空等篇章中體會這個詞的地道用法。對于“好的”單詞、短語、句型，想想遇到什么情況可以用到它，試著自己造一個句子。

2.閱讀方面要求考生能讀懂書、報、雜志中關(guān)于一般性話題的簡短文段以及公告、說明、廣告等，并能從中獲取相關(guān)信息;備考閱讀理解訓(xùn)練時，要注意限時訓(xùn)練，至少要在15分鐘內(nèi)做兩篇，或35分鐘內(nèi)完成一套題中的閱讀部分。在備考中，要注意完形填空訓(xùn)練必須與閱讀相結(jié)合，培養(yǎng)語感，體會語義，體會上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，強化對閱讀材料中推理判斷題的訓(xùn)練。注重閱讀的“量”和“質(zhì)”。到高三了，一方面要多讀往年的真題材料和好的模擬題材料。課外閱讀材料的選擇不能光憑興趣了，要注意高考閱讀理解文章涉及的各種題材和體裁，比如科技類的說明文等，以備考試中遇到相關(guān)題材時對背景知識和相關(guān)詞匯不至于一無所知。所謂“質(zhì)”是指讀材料不能一目十行，讀完拉倒，要有獨立的思維，要考慮一下文章的結(jié)構(gòu)、主旨、長難句等。針對閱讀理解題的錯誤也不應(yīng)該對完答案就算結(jié)束，應(yīng)反思是思路的錯誤還是相關(guān)單詞、短語、長句的理解不到位。3.寫作要注重交際效果和情節(jié)構(gòu)建。針對不同的交際對象采用不同的交際語言，對尊長者客氣，對朋友同學(xué)熱情??。情節(jié)構(gòu)建要合理，有條理。詞句不要一味追求高大上，準(zhǔn)確恰當(dāng)最好。英語寫作的要求可能和中學(xué)生的日常生活相關(guān)，寫作要依據(jù)試題中提示要求，要體現(xiàn)出所學(xué)過的語法句式，注意語言得體以及適當(dāng)增加細節(jié)。不少同學(xué)反映：“我也想照著這方面做，但我就是想不出來好的詞句和表達??！”這就需要同學(xué)們在一開始備考時就積累好詞好句，并試著在自己的作文中有意運用。

總之，復(fù)習(xí)過程中要不斷總結(jié)經(jīng)驗，高效復(fù)習(xí)，才能爭取最好的復(fù)習(xí)效果。

第四篇：2014高考英語試題

2014全國高考書面表達

一（2014安徽卷）

為了幫助中學(xué)生健康成長，某中學(xué)英文報開辟了“HEART-TO-HEART”專欄。假設(shè)你是該欄目的編輯Jamie，收到一封署名為Worried的求助信。信中該同學(xué)向你訴說了自己的困擾：近日容易發(fā)脾氣，使正常的學(xué)習(xí)和生活受到了影響。請用英文給該同學(xué)寫一封回信。

內(nèi)容要點如下：

1．表示理解并給予安慰；

2．提出建議并說明理由。

注意：

1．詞數(shù)120左右；

2．信中不能出現(xiàn)與本人相關(guān)的信息；

3．信的開頭與結(jié)尾已為你擬好，不計入總詞數(shù)。

參考詞匯：temper n.脾氣，情緒

Hi Worried，I’m sorry to know that you’re having such a had time at the moment.Yours,Jamie

【考點】考察半開放性作文

【寫作指導(dǎo)】

本文屬于半開放性作文，要為你編輯Jamie的口吻回復(fù)Worried的求助信，他的困擾：近日容易發(fā)脾氣，使正常的學(xué)習(xí)和生活受到了影響。要注意書信的格式和特殊用詞。要點：1.很遺憾聽說對方有此問題。并解釋每個人都可能會遇見這樣的問題，所以不必擔(dān)心。只有的是要學(xué)會控制自己的脾氣。2.提出建議：與信任的人進行交流，告訴別人你的困擾，釋放自己的壓力。同時多參加各種戶外活動，和朋友多玩球類運動。保持樂觀的心態(tài)。

對于考生的綜合能力要求較高，要求考生有很強的謀篇布局的能力和組織要點的能力。需要注意緊扣文章主題，給出的要點都需要包括，缺一不可。寫作時注意準(zhǔn)確運用時態(tài)，上下文意思連貫，符合邏輯關(guān)系，一定要契合給出的開頭，不能出現(xiàn)文章脫節(jié)問題。盡量使用自己熟悉的單詞句式，同時也要注意使用高級詞匯和高級句型使文章顯得更有檔次。

【一句多譯】

每個人都會有過這樣的一段時期，在這時情況都很糟糕，所以你不要太擔(dān)心了。

（1）The truth is that everyone will have one of those periods when things seem to be going wrong, so you don't have to worry much.（2）It is true that everyone will have one of those periods when things seem to be going wrong, so you don't have to worry much.【參考范文】

Hi Worried,I'm sorry to know that you're having such a bad time at the moment.The truth is that everyone will have one of those periods when things seem to be going wrong,so you don't have to worry much.The important thing is to learn to control your temper so that you may not do or say anything you’ll regret.Here are three useful tips:

First, talk to someone you trust about how you feel.This is a good way of letting your anger out without hurting others or yourself.Second, go outdoors and play team games with your ftiends as physical exercise is an effective way to get rid of anger.And third, remain optimistic about your future.Such a positive attitude towards life can be helpful in lifting your spirits.I hope you'll soon feel calmer and carry on as normal.Yours,Jamie

二（2014北京卷）

第四部分：書面表達（共兩節(jié)，35 分）

(15分)

你給英國朋友Chris寫一封信，內(nèi)容包括：

1.你們原計劃7月份一同去云南旅游；

2.由于腳部受傷，你無法按原計劃前往；

3.表達你的歉意并建議將旅行推遲到8月份。

注意： 1.詞數(shù)不少于50.2.可適當(dāng)增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。

3.開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計入總詞數(shù)。

Dear Chris,_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours,Joe

【考點】考察提綱類作文

【寫作指導(dǎo)】

本文屬于應(yīng)用文中的書信，要求寫信給英國朋友Chris說明取消計劃的原因并建議推測旅行至8月份。以第一人稱為主。要點：1.你們原計劃7月份一同去云南旅游；2.由于腳部受傷，你無法按原計劃前往；3.表達你的歉意并建議將旅行推遲到8月份。

這是一篇提綱類作文，我們需要用正確的英語把給出的要點表達出來.本作文中給出的要點比較具體,故需要準(zhǔn)確表達.寫作時注意準(zhǔn)確運用時態(tài)，上下文意思連貫，符合邏輯關(guān)系，也要注意使用高級詞匯和高級句型使文章顯得更有檔次。特別注意在選擇句式時要賦予變化。

【一句多譯】

我可以建議把旅行推遲到8月份早些時候嗎？

（1）Can I suggest that we put it off until early august?

（2）Would you mind if we we put it off until early august?

【參考范文】

Dear Chris,How is everything going?

I remember we planned to visit Yunnan in July but now bucause my left foot was injured, I cannot go with you as planned.I’m sorry about it.Can I suggest that we put it off until early august? I wish you could understand.I’m looking forward to hearing from you soon.Yours,Joe

第二節(jié)（20 分）

假設(shè)你是紅星中學(xué)高三（1）班的學(xué)生李華，請根據(jù)以下四幅圖的先后順序，用?？坝⒄Z園地”寫一篇短文，記述你和同學(xué)們向?qū)W校提建議，解決自行車存放問題的過程。注意：1.詞數(shù)不少于 60.2.短文的開頭已給出，不計入總詞數(shù)。

There was a problem with the parking place for bikes in our school.【考點】考察看圖作文

【寫作指導(dǎo)】

本文屬于看圖作文。敘述的是李華和同學(xué)們向?qū)W校建議解決自行車存放的問題。屬于記敘文，使用第一人稱和一般過去時。

要點：1.在自行車存放處前面，我看見很多人都擁擠在一起；2.找到幾個同學(xué)一起討論具體解決方法。3.找到校長提出建議；4.校方采納建議，多開了一個進出的門。

看圖作文要求考生將畫面所包含的有效信息直接運用英語思維轉(zhuǎn)換成英語語言文字，再根據(jù)這些要點謀篇布局。要求考生把看到的圖畫用文字表達出來，除了能表達清楚圖畫中的信息外，考生還需要根據(jù)詞數(shù)要求，適當(dāng)拓展并發(fā)揮想象，從而使文章的敘述不單調(diào)。如果是記敘文類的寫作素材，考生要注意故事的時間、地點、人物、事件的起因、過程、結(jié)果這六個要素。

【一句多譯】

在我們學(xué)校自行車存放處有一個長久以來就存在的問題。

（1）There was a problem with the parking place for bikes in our school

（2）The parking place for bikes was an existing problem for a long time in our school。

【參考范文】

One possible version

There was a problem with the parking place for bikes in our school, I noticed the entrance was small and almost blocked.So my classmates and I had a discussion and wrote a report.Then we went to meet the schoolmaster in his office and gave

the report to him.He accepted our suggfestions.Soon afterwards, a second entrance was opened to the parking place.Now it is easy to park our bikes there.三（2014大綱卷）

第二節(jié) 書面表達(滿分25分)

一家英語報社向中學(xué)生征文，主題是“十年后的我”、請根據(jù)下列要求和你的想象完成短文、家庭工作業(yè)余生活

注意：

1、次數(shù)100左右；

2、可以適當(dāng)增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫；3.開頭語已為你寫好

I often imagine what my life will be like in the future.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

【考點】考察半開放性作文

【寫作指導(dǎo)】本文的話題是“十年后的我”，要求考生從家庭、工作和業(yè)余生活來想象十年以后的自己。文章應(yīng)該使用將來時和第一人稱。要點：1.十年以后的生活和現(xiàn)在是完全不一樣，我會成為一個成年人，有了自己的家庭，甚至有了可愛的孩子。2.希望自己能夠在自己喜歡的計算機行業(yè)工作，做一個程序設(shè)計師。工作順利和同事相處融洽。3.在業(yè)余生活中經(jīng)常參加鍛煉，如游泳，登山等等。假期里出去旅游，生活多姿多彩。

本文要求考生充分發(fā)揮自己的想象力，靈活運用英語知識，采用不同的表達方式將各要點完整地表述出來，注意主次分明，詳略得當(dāng)。語言力求準(zhǔn)確、簡潔。根據(jù)情景的發(fā)展，按順序安排好材料。同時應(yīng)選用合適的連接詞或過渡詞，使文章具有一定的連貫性?？忌仨氄J真查驗是否有漏寫情況，有無拼寫錯誤及標(biāo)點誤用等。

【一句多譯】

我希望我可以在一家電腦公司里做程序設(shè)計師。

（1）I hope I will work in a computer company as a program designer.（2）I hope I will work in a company which produces computer, and I can design some kinds of very good computer。

【參考范文】

one Possible Version

I often imagine what my life will be like in the future.I think my life will be very different in ten years.I will be twenty-eight years old by then.I will have my own family.Probably with a lovely child.I hope I will work in a computer company as a program designer.I will enjoy my work and get along well with my colleagues, I will do a good job in whatever I do.In my free time, I will continue to take regular exercise, such as swimming, running and various ball games.On my

holidays, I will travel around the world.In a word, my life will be much richer and more colorful.四（2014福建卷）

第二節(jié) 書面表達（滿分25分）

如何理解“成功”，不同的人有不同的看法。請認2014年全國高考英語試題分類匯編：書面表達篇 Word版含解析

第五篇：2018年高考英語試題評析

2018年高考英語試題評析

教育部考試中心

2018年高考英語命題以落實立德樹人教育根本任務(wù)為目標(biāo)，依據(jù)高考評價體系的總體要求，考查主干知識和關(guān)鍵能力，體現(xiàn)了基礎(chǔ)性、綜合性、應(yīng)用性和創(chuàng)新性考查要求，助力引導(dǎo)中學(xué)英語教學(xué)改革和素質(zhì)教育。

1、落實立德樹人根本任務(wù)，強化高考育人功能和價值導(dǎo)向

2018年高考英語試題取材廣泛、體裁多樣、時代性強，各套試卷的選材均圍繞人與自然、人與社會、人與自我三大主題，全面考查學(xué)生能力，充分體現(xiàn)了高考堅持立德樹人、發(fā)展素質(zhì)教育的目標(biāo)。

1.1 增強中華文化浸潤，引導(dǎo)增強“四個自信”

2018年高考英語全國I卷寫作部分第二節(jié)設(shè)置了外國朋友將到中國家庭做客的情境，要求考生寫一封郵件告知在中國家庭做客的基本習(xí)俗；北京卷寫作第二節(jié)設(shè)置了帶領(lǐng)外國友人體驗中國茶文化的情境；全國II卷語言知識運用部分第二節(jié)語篇介紹了中國近年來根據(jù)人民膳食變化調(diào)整農(nóng)作物種植結(jié)構(gòu)，為全球生態(tài)環(huán)境保護作出貢獻；全國III卷閱讀理解部分的一篇文章報道了中國建筑設(shè)計師在其作品中弘揚中國傳統(tǒng)文化，獲得國際獎項，讓世界了解中國的消息。這些語篇的選擇和題目設(shè)置在自然融入中華優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)文化的同時，宣傳介紹中國經(jīng)濟、社會和文化的發(fā)展，引導(dǎo)學(xué)生在傳承和發(fā)揚中華優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)文化和偉大民族精神的同時，堅定理想信念，增強“四個自信”。

1.2 融入人文知識介紹，引導(dǎo)關(guān)注人類命運共同體

2018年高考英語全國I卷閱讀理解部分選取一篇關(guān)于世界語言種類隨著人類社會發(fā)展而逐漸減少的文章，倡導(dǎo)保護人類歷史與文明；全國III卷閱讀理解部分選取一篇加拿大道森市的歷史發(fā)展與現(xiàn)狀的文章，倡導(dǎo)和諧自然；全國I卷閱讀理解部分選取一篇關(guān)于烹飪省錢而食物又美味的新聞報道和一篇介紹新舊電器使用與能源消耗調(diào)查的文章，倡導(dǎo)節(jié)約和環(huán)保。通過閱讀這些文章，引導(dǎo)學(xué)生在理解文章內(nèi)容和作者觀點態(tài)度的基礎(chǔ)上關(guān)注人類命運共同體，強化社會責(zé)任意識，促進人與自然的和諧共處與可持續(xù)性發(fā)展。

1.3 重視思維品質(zhì)培養(yǎng)，倡導(dǎo)建立和諧人際關(guān)系

2018年全國II卷閱讀理解部分選取了一篇研究報道，介紹在社交過程中適當(dāng)寒暄和閑談可成為人際間相互理解溝通的基礎(chǔ)；全國III卷閱讀理解部分選取了一篇介紹作者引導(dǎo)孩子主動捐獻玩具，并從玩耍簡單玩具中獲得快樂的做法；全國II卷、III卷完形填空文章分別介紹一位父親碰巧營救了自己的兒子以及一位男子在收到陌生短信時禮貌回復(fù)并到醫(yī)院探望新生嬰兒的故事，引發(fā)強烈的親情共鳴和滿滿的善意。這些文章讓考生在閱讀文章內(nèi)容的同時深入思考在生活日趨便利的當(dāng)今社會，更應(yīng)該關(guān)注人與人之間的溝通和交流，引導(dǎo)學(xué)生養(yǎng)成良好的思維品質(zhì)和人文情懷。

2、體現(xiàn)高考評價體系總體要求，考查主干知識和關(guān)鍵能力

2018年高考英語試題在深入理解高考評價體系提出的必備知識、關(guān)鍵能力、學(xué)科素養(yǎng)、核心價值“四層”考查目標(biāo)和基礎(chǔ)性、綜合性、應(yīng)用性、創(chuàng)新性“四翼”考查要求的同時，重視學(xué)科基礎(chǔ)知識和主干知識，強調(diào)關(guān)鍵能力和學(xué)科素養(yǎng)，加強對聽說讀寫結(jié)合的綜合語言運用能力的考查。

2.1 強調(diào)聽說讀寫四項關(guān)鍵能力的考查

2018年高考英語全國卷的試卷結(jié)構(gòu)進一步鞏固，科學(xué)合理搭配各種題型，全面考查考生的綜合語言運用能力，既考查理解英語口語和書面英語的能力，也考查運用相關(guān)詞匯和語法進行書面表達的能力。試題通過恰當(dāng)?shù)倪x材和巧妙的設(shè)問，不僅考查考生的語言知識、文化知識以及聽說讀寫等關(guān)鍵能力，還滲透對考生交際能力、思辨精神和學(xué)習(xí)能力等學(xué)科素養(yǎng)的考查。

2.2 體現(xiàn)基礎(chǔ)性、綜合性、應(yīng)用性和創(chuàng)新性考查要求

2018年高考英語各套試卷在試卷結(jié)構(gòu)的設(shè)計上既有針對各單項語言技能的專門考查，也有針對綜合語言技能的考查，體現(xiàn)了基礎(chǔ)性和綜合性的考查要求。在問題情境的設(shè)計上，既有需要考生進行真實的口語和書面交際的任務(wù)，也有需要考生發(fā)揮想象力和創(chuàng)造性的寫作任務(wù)，體現(xiàn)了應(yīng)用性和創(chuàng)新性的考查要求。如短文續(xù)寫新題型，有利于激發(fā)考生想象，更好地體現(xiàn)應(yīng)用性和創(chuàng)新性的結(jié)合。

3、試卷內(nèi)容設(shè)計科學(xué)，試題質(zhì)量不斷提升

2018年高考英語命題繼續(xù)采用“一綱多卷”形式，各套試卷充分考慮不同地區(qū)考生群體的能力水平，合理控制試卷難度，進一步提高試題區(qū)分度，減輕學(xué)生負擔(dān)。

2018年高考英語各套試卷所采用篇章材料的難度水平呈階梯分布，題目類型多樣且難易搭配合理，考查要點覆蓋面廣，試卷各種難度的試題比例得到進一步優(yōu)化，通過合理設(shè)置選擇題的干擾項，進一步提高試題的區(qū)分能力。

在材料難度方面，聽力部分的錄音材料既涵蓋學(xué)生十分熟悉的日常話題，如學(xué)習(xí)、業(yè)余活動、旅游、個人經(jīng)歷等，也包括一些具有挑戰(zhàn)性的話題，如租房、動物的生活習(xí)性等；在閱讀理解部分，既有相對簡單的廣告通知類材料，也有中等難度的說明性文章，如介紹語言的種類、水果的營養(yǎng)等文章，還有較高難度的說明議論性文章，如舊電器耗能調(diào)查、閑談益處的研究等科普類文章。

在題型搭配方面，聽力和閱讀理解部分考查的是對口頭和書面語言的理解能力，多采用難度相對較低的選擇題；語言運用和寫作部分考查詞匯和語法的綜合運用能力，要求考生在閱讀理解的基礎(chǔ)上準(zhǔn)確運用相關(guān)詞匯和語法，或在特定的情境中按要求完成書面寫作任務(wù)，難度相對較高。

在考查要點覆蓋方面，布局合理，考查全面，不僅包括理解對話或篇章內(nèi)容具體信息、作出簡單推斷等較低層次能力的考查，還包括理解對話或篇章的主旨要義、識別說話人或作者的意圖、觀點和態(tài)度等較高層次能力的考查。

4、考試內(nèi)容改革穩(wěn)步推進，改革成效得以鞏固

2018年是浙江省和上海市實行高考英語一年兩次考試的第二年，兩個省市在繼續(xù)提供兩次考試機會的基礎(chǔ)上，進一步深化考試內(nèi)容改革，助力減輕學(xué)生負擔(dān)，發(fā)展素質(zhì)教育。

浙江省使用的全國統(tǒng)一命題試卷和上海市的自主命題試卷繼續(xù)使用新的試卷結(jié)構(gòu)。其中，讀寫結(jié)合題型的采用，突出對考生綜合語言運用能力和創(chuàng)新意識的考查，有利于區(qū)分高水平的學(xué)生和引導(dǎo)中學(xué)英語教學(xué)。上海市的計算機輔助口語考試，要求學(xué)生不僅要能讀會寫，還要聽得懂、講得出，對中學(xué)英語教學(xué)起到很好的引導(dǎo)作用；在口語考試評分過程中，計算機自動評分技術(shù)的應(yīng)用能夠有效降低和控制口語考試評分誤差，有利于提高評分信度。