第一篇：2014英語(yǔ)專題指導(dǎo) 之閱讀理解9-10

2014英語(yǔ)專題指導(dǎo) 之閱讀理解9推理判斷題訓(xùn)練

難度值：較難推薦度：五星

Last night’s meteor(流星)shower left many people in the community dissatisfied and demanding answers.According to Gabe Rothsclild, Emerald Valley’s mayor, people gathered in the suburbs of the city, carrying heavy telescopes, expecting to watch the brightly burning meteors passing through the sky.What they found instead was a sky so brightened by the city’s lights that it darkened the light of the meteors passing overhead.“My family was so frustrated,” admitted town resident Duane Cosby, “We wanted to make this an unforgettable family outing, but it turned out to be a huge disappointments.”

Astronomers---scientists who study stars and planets----have been complaining about this problem for decades.They say that light pollution prevents them from seeing objects in the sky that they could see quite easily in the past.They call on people and the government to take measures to fight against it.There is yet a population besides professional and amateur star observers that suffers even more from light pollution.This population consists of birds, bats frogs, snakes, etc.For example, outdoor lighting severely affects migrating(遷徙的)birds.According to the International Dark-Sky Association.“100 million birds a year throughout North America die in crashes with lighted buildings and towers.”

Countless more animals casualties(傷亡）result from the use of artificial lighting.Clearly, people enjoy the benefits of lighting their evenings, but some scientists think it can be harmful for humans;too They worry that exposure to light while sleeping can increase person’s chances of getting cancer.Emerald Valley is only one community that is becoming aware of the negative effects of light pollution.For years, Flagstaff, Arizona, has enforced lighting regulations in its city in order to assist astronomers at the Lowell Observatory.Similar efforts have been made worldwide, and a movement is underway to remind us to turn off lights when we are not using them, so that other creatures can share the night.A.the city’s lights affected the meteor watchingB.the meteors flew past before being noticed

C.the city light show attracted many peopleD.the meteor watching ended up a social outing

42.What do the astronomers complain about?

A.Meteor showers occur less often than beforeB.Their observation equipment is in poor repair

C.Light pollution has remained unsolved for yearsD.Their eyesight is failing due to artificial lighting

43.What the author concerned about according to Paragraph 4?

A.Birds may take other migration pathsB.Animal’living habits may change suddenly

C.Varieties of animals will become sharply reducedD.Animals’survival is threatened by outdoor lighting

.A.Lessen the chance of getting cancerB.create an ideal observation condition

C.ensure citizens a good sleep at nightD.enable all creatures to live in harmony

45.What message does the author most want to give us?

A.Saving wildlife is saving ourselvesB.Great efforts should be made to save energyC.Human activities should be environmentally friendlyD.New equipment should be introduced for space study

【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇議論文，題材是燈光污染與環(huán)境保護(hù)。本文主要介紹了燈光污染給天文學(xué)家、人類、其它生物所帶來(lái)的不良影響。以及人們?yōu)榻鉀Q此問(wèn)題所采取的措施等。2013天津卷B

【解析】ACDBC

41.推理判斷題。難度：中等。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞last night快速定位第一段。根據(jù)第一段最后一句可知“城市的夜空被燈點(diǎn)綴的是如此明亮以至于暗淡了頭上飛過(guò)的流星的光亮，因此影響了人們觀星”。

42.推理判斷題。難度：中等。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞astronomers快速定位第三段。根據(jù)they say that light pollution prevents them from seeing objects … they could see quite easily in the past.可以推斷燈光污染問(wèn)題一直沒(méi)有得到解決，這才是他們所抱怨的。其他選項(xiàng)原文根本沒(méi)有提到，屬于無(wú)中生有的。

43.推理判斷題。難度：中等。根據(jù)題干快速定位第四段。第四段駐澳講述了燈光污染對(duì)于鳥(niǎo)類、蝙蝠、青蛙、蛇等的影響，尤其嚴(yán)重影響你鳥(niǎo)類的遷徙，最后一句話“每年北美大約有一億的鳥(niǎo)在與被燈光點(diǎn)綴的建筑物或是高塔的撞擊中死亡”因此可以推斷選項(xiàng)是正確的。

44.推理判斷題。難度：中等。根據(jù)題干中的大寫(xiě)Flagstaff, Arizona快速定位文章最后一段…Flagstaff, Arizona, has enforced lighting regulations in its city in order to assist astronomers at the Lowell Observatory可知推行此規(guī)定的目的是為天文學(xué)家更好的觀察服務(wù)的。

45.推理判斷作者意圖題。難度：較難。文章主要講的是燈光污染給人類和其它生物帶來(lái)的影響，而燈光的直接造成原因就是人類本身，因此作者寫(xiě)本文主要是要告知人們?nèi)祟惖幕顒?dòng)應(yīng)該要注意環(huán)保。其它三項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容均與本文無(wú)關(guān)。

【難句學(xué)習(xí)】

1.What they found instead was a sky so brightened by the city’s lights that it darkened the light of the meteors passing

overhead.翻譯：城市的燈光時(shí)如此的明亮以至于頭頂飛過(guò)的流星的亮度被削弱，因此人們看到的只是被點(diǎn)亮的夜空而不是流星分析：本句的是一個(gè)由what引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句，what作found的賓語(yǔ)。so …that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。passing overhead是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作后置定語(yǔ)。darken是動(dòng)詞。

2.They say that light pollution prevents them from seeing objects in the sky that they could see quite easily in the past.翻譯：天文學(xué)家說(shuō)光污染阻止了他們?nèi)タ催^(guò)去很容易就可以看到的天空中的目標(biāo)。

分析：本句中say后面的that引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句。而sky后面的that引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是objects，that在從句中作see的賓語(yǔ)。

3.There is yet a population besides professional and amateur star observers that suffers even more from light pollution.翻譯：可是除了專業(yè)和業(yè)余的觀星者外，還有一個(gè)群體遭受著甚至更為嚴(yán)重的光污染的影響。

分析：本句是一個(gè)there be 特殊結(jié)構(gòu)。that引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，在從句中作主語(yǔ)，先行詞是population。

4.They worry that exposure to light while sleeping can increase a person’s chances of getting cancer.翻譯：他們擔(dān)心在睡覺(jué)的時(shí)候如果有太多的光亮的話可能會(huì)增加一個(gè)人得癌癥的機(jī)會(huì)。

分析：本句中worry 后面的that引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句，while sleeping引導(dǎo)的是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的省略結(jié)構(gòu)。of getting cancer是chances的后置定語(yǔ)。

5.a movement is underway to remind us to turn off lights when we are not using them, so that other creatures can share the night.譯：此外，一個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)正在進(jìn)行中，目的是為了提醒我們不用燈的時(shí)候要關(guān)掉它，這樣其它生物也能共享夜晚。分析：句中to remind是不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)。when we are…是when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，so that引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句。

推理判斷 屬于主觀性較強(qiáng)的高層次閱讀理解題，做這類題目時(shí)，考生要嚴(yán)格依據(jù)作者所陳述的細(xì)節(jié)、事實(shí)以及作者的措詞、態(tài)度和語(yǔ)氣，找出能夠表露作者思想傾向和感情色彩的詞句，然后利用自己已獲得的相關(guān)知識(shí)進(jìn)行推理判斷，從而得出符合邏輯的結(jié)論。

近年的高考題中常出現(xiàn)以下五種推理判斷題:

一.推斷隱含意義或深層意義二.推斷作者觀點(diǎn)或態(tài)度三.推斷文段作用或作者寫(xiě)作意圖

四．推斷文章出處和來(lái)源五.推測(cè)文段前后的內(nèi)容

一.推斷隱含意義或深層意義

1.提問(wèn)方式這類題干中通常含有infer, suggest, imply, conclude等標(biāo)志性詞語(yǔ),常見(jiàn)的提問(wèn)方式有：

①.It can be inferred / concluded from the passage / text that.②.From the text we know that …is most likely.③.When the writer talks about …, what the writer really means is.④.The writer suggests that.⑤.The story implies that.⑥.We can infer / conclude from the passage that.技巧點(diǎn)撥推斷隱含意義或深層意義要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基礎(chǔ)上，做出一定判斷和推論。推理的方法大致可分為：簡(jiǎn)單推理和復(fù)雜推理。解題時(shí)一定要掌握文章的內(nèi)涵，做到：①吃透文章的字面意思，從字里行間捕捉有用的提示和線索，這是推理的前提和基礎(chǔ)。②全面分析所有相關(guān)信息，切忌片面思考，斷章取義，以偏概全。.③要忠實(shí)于原文,以文章提供的事實(shí)和線索為依據(jù)，要善于揣摩作者思路，盡可能與作者的思路吻合。④判斷有據(jù), 推論有理, 忠實(shí)原文。切忌用自己的觀點(diǎn)代替作者的本意。⑤要體會(huì)文章的基調(diào),揣摸作者的態(tài)度,悟出作者的弦外之音，不可直接選取文中的原句作為答案

1.With some fine-tuning, a device like the e-nose could one day be used in greenhouses to quickly spot harmful bugs, the

researchers say.A device like this could also be used to identify fruits that are perfectly ripe and ready to pick and eat, says Natalia Dudareva, a biochemist at Purdue University in West Lafayette, Ind.who studies smells of flowers and plants.Hopefully, scientists believe, the device could bring large benefits to greenhouse managers in the near future.【09全國(guó)卷C篇】

1.We can infer from the last paragraph that the e-nose_____.A.is unable to tell the smell of flowersB.is not yet used in greenhouses

C.is designed by scientists at PurdueD.is helpful in killing harmful insects

2.After he retired, Hoy stayed busy.He ran a dairy farm near Cincinnati for 20 years.He also became a public speaker and traveled giving speeches.Until a few years before his death, he took 4 and 10 mile walks several mornings a week.0n

December 15, 1961,William E.Hoy died at the age of 99.2.We can infer from the last paragraph that Hoy _______ in his late years.A.became famousB.led a relaxed lifeC.traveled around the worldD.was in good physical condition

二、推斷作者觀點(diǎn)或態(tài)度

1.提問(wèn)方式 What is the author’s attitude toward…?What is the author’s opinion about…?

The author’s attitude towards the speaker’s remarks is…What does the author think about…?

Which of the following is the author’s view on…?Which of the following is the author’s advice to the reader?

Why does the author say that…?

技巧點(diǎn)撥一般而言，作者的態(tài)度與觀點(diǎn)可以通過(guò)文章主旨句和段落主題句等顯性標(biāo)志予以判斷，但是有時(shí)主旨句本身隱含在字里行間，需要綜合上下文信息及作者的措詞（如詞義褒貶等主觀詞匯）才能辯別出來(lái)。表達(dá)作者態(tài)度和觀點(diǎn)的形容詞常有：Objective（客觀的），subjective（主觀的)，neutral（中立的）；positive(積極的)negative（消極的）approval（贊成的），disapproval（不贊成的），indifferent（冷漠的），sarcastic（諷刺的），critical(批評(píng)的)，optimistic（樂(lè)觀的），pessimistic（悲觀的）等?？傊?，判斷作者的觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度，應(yīng)當(dāng)用聯(lián)系的觀點(diǎn)、綜合的方法來(lái)進(jìn)行，而不能依靠只言片語(yǔ)，主觀臆斷

3.As Franklin’s competitors, Wilkins, Watson and Crick had much to gain by cutting her out of the little group of researchers, says historian Pnina Abir-Am.In 1962 at the Nobel prize awarding ceremony, Wilkins thanked 13 colleagues by name before he mentioned Franklin.Watson wrote his book laughing at her.Crick wrote in 1974 that “Franklins was only two steps away from the solution.”

“No, Franklin was the solution.” She contributed more than any other player to solving the structure of DNA.She must be considered a co-discoverer,” Abir-Am says.This was backed up by Aaron Klug, who worked with Franklin and later won a

Nobel Prize himself.Once described as the “Dark Lady of DNA”, Franklin is finally coming into the light.【09浙江卷E篇】

3.What is the writer’s attitude toward Wilkins, Watson and Crick?

A.Disapproving.B.Respectful.C.Admiring.D.Doubtful.2014高考英語(yǔ)專題指導(dǎo) 之閱讀理解10推理判斷題訓(xùn)練

三.推斷文段作用或作者寫(xiě)作意圖

1.提問(wèn)方式 The first / last paragraph serves as a（n）_________What is the purpose of writing this article? _______

The writer’s purpose of writing this passage is to _____.In writing the passage, the author intends to _____

2.技巧點(diǎn)撥

①不同的文段在全文中可能會(huì)起到：引言/介紹（introduction），舉例(example)，對(duì)比(comparison)，反襯（contrast）, 結(jié)論（conclusion）,評(píng)論（comment）,背景（background）,論證（demonstration）等作用。

②不同體裁的文章可能有不同的寫(xiě)作意圖, 但寫(xiě)作意圖概括起來(lái)通常有to entertain readers（娛樂(lè)讀者，讓人發(fā)笑），常見(jiàn)于故事類的文章；to persuade readers（說(shuō)服讀者接受某種觀點(diǎn)）, 常見(jiàn)于廣告類的文章。to inform readers（告知讀者某些信息），多見(jiàn)于科普類﹑新聞報(bào)道類﹑文化類或社會(huì)類的文章。判斷這類文章的寫(xiě)作目的一定要基于對(duì)文章主題的正確把握，閱讀時(shí)務(wù)必要找準(zhǔn)文章的主題句，或較好地對(duì)主題加以歸納。

4.Foreign drivers will have a pay on-the-spot fines of up to ￡900 for breaking the traffic law to be carried out next month.If they do not have enough cash or a working credit card, their vehicles will clamped（扣留）until they pay law takes

effect ,because the money would be returned if the driver went to court and was found not guilty.In practice, very few foreign drivers are likely to return to Britain to deal with their eases.The law will also apply to British citizens.The fines will be described …

Foreign vehicles are 30 percent more likely to be in a crash than British-registered vehicles…

The new Law is partly intended to settle the problem of foreign lorry divers… 【09福建B篇】

4.This paragraph serves as a（n）_________

A.explanationB.introductionC.commentD.background.5.（廣東卷）“Have you ever been out on a boat and felt it lifted up by a wave? Or have you jumped in the water and felt the rush of energy as waves came over you?” asked Jamie Taylor of the Wave Energy Group at the University of Edinburgh.“There is certainly a lot of energy in waves,” he said.5The writer uses the two questions at the beginning of the passage to ______.A.test the readers’ knowledge about wavesB.draw the readers’ attention to the topic

C.show Jamie Taylor’s importanceD.invite the readers to answer them

四．推斷文章出處和來(lái)源

1.提問(wèn)方式 The passage is most likely to be found in_______.The passage is most likely to be taken from/out of______.Where would this passage most probably appear?The passage is most likely a part of ___.2.解題技巧這類問(wèn)題應(yīng)從文章的內(nèi)容或結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)判斷其出處：①報(bào)紙：前面會(huì)出現(xiàn)日期、地點(diǎn)或通訊社名稱。② 廣告：因其格式特殊，容易辨認(rèn)。③產(chǎn)品說(shuō)明：器皿、設(shè)備的使用說(shuō)明會(huì)有產(chǎn)品名稱或操作方式，而藥品的服用說(shuō)明會(huì)告知服用時(shí)間、次數(shù)、藥量等。④網(wǎng)絡(luò)004km.cn, micro-blog , micro-message ,wechat ,e-books, click here，Internet，web, website, update，upload,download,online

6.When people hear a president speak, they seldom think about others helping to shape the presentation（報(bào)告）Today, however, presidents depend on writers such as J.Terry Edmonds to help them communicate（交流）effectively.Edmonds is the first African American ever to work as a full-time speechwriter for a U.S.president;he is so the first African American to serve as director of speechwriting for White House.His is an all-American story of success.Edmonds grew up in Baltimore, Maryland;his father drove a truck, and his mother worked as a waitress.A.great reader, Edmonds showed a gift for writing at his high

School, Baltimore City College After graduating in 1967 Edmonds went on to Morgan State University09陜西卷B篇

6.The text is most likely to be found in a book about___________

A.popular scienceB.historical eventsC.successful peopleD.political systems

7.Do you always understand the directions on a bottle of medicine? Do you know what is meant by “Take only as directed?” Read the following directions and see if you understand them.To reduce pain, take two tablets(藥片)with water, followed by one tablet every eight hours, as required.For night-time and early morning relief(緩解疼痛)take two tablets at bedtime.Do not take more than six tablets in twenty-four hours.For children six to twelve years old, give half the amount(量).For children under six years old, ask your doctor’s advice.Reduce the amount if you suffer from restlessness or sleeplessness after taking the medicine.7This text is most probably taken from a ______

A.textbookB.newsreelC.doctor’s notebookD.bottle of medicine

3.北京朝陽(yáng)綜合)

8.People are making more and more demands on the world's natural resources.If babies bom in 1991 live for eighty years, the human population of the world may be anything from twice to three times the present total by 2070.In other words, they will have to share what is left of the earth's resources with 15 billion other people.But hopefully there will be an important decrease in the growth of population.What if this does not happen? The answer is that by the time before the babies born in 1991 reach the age of 40 they could be sharing resources with as many as 10 billion other people.Limiting the pollution of water and the atmosphere, controlling the output of the chemicals that may be causing the

global warming and climate change, and eating less meat may go some to help, but can anyone seriously imagine that these are going to solve the problems of the “baby class” of 1991 ?

There is no getting away from the fact that people are responsible(對(duì)......負(fù)責(zé))for the present state of the world, and only

people can solve the problems.The decisions have to be taken by people as members of national and local governments;as leaders and decision-makers in industry;as scientists and technologists;as professional engineers and designers;as reli-gious(宗教的)leaders and individual citizens.8.This short passage is probably taken from _______.A.a news reportB.a guide to the worldC.an article by a medical workerD.a government report

五.推測(cè)文段前后的內(nèi)容

1.提問(wèn)方式 If you were to continue the passage, what would you write about…?

The next paragraph would most probably deal with _______

The paragraph preceding this one would most likely discuss______.2.解題技巧推測(cè)文段后的內(nèi)容：根據(jù)作者的思路進(jìn)行推理，關(guān)注最后一段，特別是文段最后的一句話。

推測(cè)文段前的內(nèi)容：關(guān)注第一段，特別是文段開(kāi)始的一句話。

9.高考實(shí)例（2010湖北241223113）

… In this article.I'll describe three no-win situations that commonly arise between teens and parents and then suggest some

ways out of the trap.The first no-win situation is quarrels over unimportant things.Examples include the color of the teen's hair, the cleanliness of the bedroom, the preferred style of clothing, the child's failure to eat a good breakfast before school, or his tendency to sleep until noon on the weekends.Second, blaming.The goal of a blaming battle is to make the other admit that his bad attitude is the reason why everything goes wrong.Third, needing to be right, It doesn't matter what the topic is-politics.The laws of physics, or the proper way to break an egg-the point of these arguments is to prove that you are right and the other person is wrong.for both wish to be considered an authority-someone who actually knows something-and therefore to

command respect.Unfortunately, as long as parents and teens continue to assume that they know more than the other, they'll continue to fight these battles forever and never make any real progress

9.What will the author most probably discuss in the paragraph that follows?

A.Causes for the parent-teen conflictsB.Examples of the parent-teen war.C.Solutions for the parent-teen problemsD.Future of the parent-teen relationship

☆ 真題實(shí)戰(zhàn)：浙江卷

You are from a middle class family, and live in a normal size home without any showy possessions, but you are

surrounded by surprising consumption.This contrast is beginning to bother your 6-year-old son.You are worried that he will want to live as they do, and wonder if you should move.Sometimes big pocket money, joyful birthday parties, special playrooms and super-big houses tell you that your

neighbors probably have more money than you do, and that they're not as careful as you are with money, but you may find that they cook and dig in the garden with their children just as often as you do, talk with them as freely and read to them every night.Or you may find that some of these parents stay in on wing of their big house while children play by himself, way off in a wing of his own.In that unfortunate case, he is basically growing up alone without being looked after properly, but this can happen to a child who lives in a normal-size house, too, if he has a TV,a computer and a few video games in his room.Even the most caring parent doesn't walk in and out of it to see what show her child is watching, what Internet site he has found and if he's playing that video game.Too much uncontrolled screen then may lead to a certain loss of innocence(天真), and if it doesn't, you might decide to move.Don't judge your neighbor too harshly(嚴(yán)厲地), though.There some things that are right with almost any neighbor and some things that are wrong with the best of them.---like those super-big houses.The wealth of their owners----and the way save some of the money, give some to people who don't have enough and use the rest to pay for whatever the family needs.Children want-----should be provided with----explanations when their parents don't give them what they want.57.What is the problem with the worried parent in the text?

A.Her house isn't as big as her rich neighbor's.B.Her son is left alone without anyone in charge.C.She can't provide her son with a special playroom.D.She worries about the effect of her neighbor on her son.58.In paragraphs 2 and 3, the author seems to agree that parents should _______.A.spend more time with their children.B.give their children more freedom.C.work hard to live a richer life.D.set an example for their children to follow

59.By saying “throw money round”(paragraph 5)the author means that rich people_____.A.spend money carelesslyB.save money for their children

C.help the poor people willinglyD.leave money all around the house

60.What is the main idea the author aims to express in the text?

A.Children are unfortunate to have poor parents.B.Children should enjoy their comfortable life.C.Children need proper guidance form their parents.D.Children feel ashamed of themselves in a rich neighborhood.DAAC

第二篇：考研英語(yǔ)閱讀理解之經(jīng)濟(jì)類文章的復(fù)習(xí)指導(dǎo)

考研英語(yǔ)閱讀理解之經(jīng)濟(jì)類文章的復(fù)習(xí)指導(dǎo)

萬(wàn)學(xué)海文

考研閱讀經(jīng)濟(jì)類文章往往是提出現(xiàn)象，對(duì)現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行說(shuō)明，分析其產(chǎn)生原因，并對(duì)這種現(xiàn)象加以討論，解釋說(shuō)明現(xiàn)象時(shí)往往在段首提出段落中心或觀點(diǎn)，之后使用數(shù)據(jù)加以說(shuō)明。用詞往往是經(jīng)濟(jì)類術(shù)語(yǔ)，且包含表達(dá)數(shù)值變化的詞。經(jīng)濟(jì)類文章占有很大比重，縱觀十年真題閱讀，幾乎每年都有經(jīng)濟(jì)類文章，其中閱讀A部分就有5篇是關(guān)于經(jīng)濟(jì)方面的文章，如2007年Text 4，2004年Text 3等。然而很多學(xué)生對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)類文章內(nèi)容陌生，由于對(duì)于背景知識(shí)不了解，往往看了文章后一頭霧水，解題無(wú)從下手。

那么，同學(xué)們應(yīng)該如何復(fù)習(xí)考研閱讀經(jīng)濟(jì)類文章，才能在考試中沉穩(wěn)應(yīng)對(duì)呢？

一、詞匯儲(chǔ)備

經(jīng)濟(jì)類文章復(fù)習(xí)，首先要了解經(jīng)濟(jì)類術(shù)語(yǔ)，將每年真題中出現(xiàn)的經(jīng)濟(jì)類詞匯列出來(lái)，加以記憶，熟悉其含義和用法。此外，要了解一些詞在經(jīng)濟(jì)類文章中的特定含義，如captive基本義為“大寫(xiě)字母”，但在經(jīng)濟(jì)中指“資本”, interest基本義為“興趣”，但在經(jīng)濟(jì)類文章中一般指“利率”, figure基本義為“人物”，但在經(jīng)濟(jì)類文章常表示“數(shù)值”，swing一詞指“搖擺不定”，用在經(jīng)濟(jì)類文章中常指經(jīng)濟(jì)趨勢(shì)。還有，學(xué)生還需了解一下表示變化的詞匯或短語(yǔ)，如表示增長(zhǎng)，減少，穩(wěn)定的表達(dá)法。

二、背景知識(shí)

平時(shí)在復(fù)習(xí)過(guò)程中，對(duì)于經(jīng)濟(jì)類文章進(jìn)行歸結(jié)，拿十篇文章經(jīng)濟(jì)類文章，放在一起閱讀，對(duì)文章特點(diǎn)以及內(nèi)容進(jìn)行分析領(lǐng)悟，掌握一定的背景知識(shí)。

三、解題技巧

要做好經(jīng)濟(jì)類考研文章，在熟悉詞匯意思，以及分析好句子結(jié)構(gòu)的基礎(chǔ)上，關(guān)鍵要抓住文章核心，即文章整體以及各段主要在說(shuō)什么，也要注意段落之間的邏輯關(guān)系。如2002年考研真題閱讀Text3,第一題考察第一二段的邏輯關(guān)系，文章第一段提到石油供應(yīng)量減少導(dǎo)致石油漲價(jià)，而文章第二段開(kāi)頭提到：the oil price was given another push up this week when Iraq suspended oil exports.這句話表明伊拉克暫停石油出口促使油價(jià)進(jìn)一步提高，題目中問(wèn)石油價(jià)格上漲的主要原因是什么，干擾項(xiàng)D選項(xiàng)（Iraq’s suspension of exports）就不能選，因?yàn)閺倪壿嫞╝nother push）來(lái)講，D選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容并不是主要原因。

第三篇：英語(yǔ)閱讀理解之綜合訓(xùn)練一

英語(yǔ)閱讀理解之綜合訓(xùn)練一

一.先通讀，后細(xì)讀

If you know me well, you know I don't like birthday parties.At least, I don't like birthday parties given for me.① I enjoy them when they’re for other people, but when they’re for me, I just don't like them.I remember one birthday party some friends of mine had for me when I was a student at the university.Of course, I had told my best friend Henry that I didn't want a party and I made him promise he wouldn't do anything.He agreed.I should have known better than to believe him.②

On the day of my birthday, we got home from school at about, oh, I don't know, three or half past three.We went inside and as usual I went into the bathroom and started to close the door when suddenly from behind the shower curtain(浴簾), a kind of strange female(女)voice started singing, “Happy birthday to you, happy birthday to you.”

And then from all over the room, people joined in.There were about fifteen people hiding everywhere in the room.They had got my roommate's key and got in earlier.They had all planned to come out of the hiding place just at the same time while singing.I guess I really upset their plans by going in just to wash my hands.③

1.Which of the following sentences is NOT true? A.I got home from school at 3 or 3:30 on the day of my birthday.B.I dislike birthday parties held for me.C.Henry agreed that he would not do anything on my birthday.D.I knew there were some of my friends hiding in my room.2.I usually went into the ______ when I got home from school.A.living room

B.bedroom

C.bathroom

D.diningroom

3.What did my friends plan to do?

A.They planned to leave the room as soon as possible.B.They planned to sing as loudly as they could.C.They planned to eat in the bathroom.D.They had planned to come out of hiding places together.難句注釋

① At least, I don't like birthday parties given for me.至少我不喜歡為我開(kāi)的生日晚會(huì)。

② I should have known better than to believe him.我本應(yīng)知道他要做什么而不該相信他的。

should have known是虛擬語(yǔ)氣，意為“本應(yīng)知道而未知”。

③ I really upset their plans by going in...我進(jìn)去只是洗一下手，卻真的打亂了他們的計(jì)劃。

二.略讀: 在運(yùn)用這一方法閱讀文章時(shí)，要特別注意：①文章的標(biāo)題；②文章的首句或引導(dǎo)性段落；③文章尾部的結(jié)論性詞語(yǔ)；④反映段落中心思想的主題句。如果我們找到了每段的主題句，再將這些主題句集中在一起，就差不多能夠把握住全文的中心內(nèi)容了。

Some British and American people like to invite friends for a meal at home.But you should not be upset(難受的)if your English friends don't invite you home.It doesn't mean they don't like you!

Dinner parties usually start between 7 and 8 p.m., and end at about 11.Ask your hosts what time you should arrive.It's polite to bring flowers, chocolates or a bottle of wine as a gift.Usually the evening starts with drinks and snacks(小吃).① Do you want to be more polite? Say how much you like the room, or the picture on the wall.But remember—its not polite to ask how much things cost.In many families, the husband sits at one end of the table and the wife sits at the other end.They eat with their guests.You'll probably start the meal with soup or something small, then you'll have meat or fish with vegetables, and then dessert, followed by coffee.It's polite to finish everything on your plate and to take more if you want it.②

Did you enjoy the evening? Call your hosts the next day, or write them a short thankyou letter.British and American people like to say “ Thank you, thank you, thank you.”all the time!

1.If you are going to attend a dinner party,____.A.you?d better bring a certain present with you

B.you must leave home for it at 7 p.m.C.you should ask your host when you should leave

D.you must arrive at it before 8 p.m.2.In which order will you eat or drink the following things at the meal?

A.Snacks, vegetables, meat and coffee.B.Coffee, drinks, soup, fish, vegetables and dessert.C.Soup, meat with vegetables, dessert and coffee.D.Drinks, soup, something small, fish and vegetables.3.Which is the correct way in which you express your enjoyment of the evening?

A.Before leaving for home, you should say, “Thank you for inviting me.”

B.When you shake hands with your host, you should say, “I did enjoy the evening.”

C.You can write a thank-you letter to your host after that.D.You should finish everything on your plate and take more if you want it.難句注釋

① Usually the evening starts with drinks and snacks.通常晚宴都是以一些飲料和小吃開(kāi)始的。② Its polite to finish everything on your plate and to take more if you want it.禮貌的做法是吃完你盤里的所有食物，如果還想吃的話再添一些。句首的it是形式主語(yǔ)。

三.查讀: 查讀(scanning)，也稱為掃描式閱讀，是指用較短的時(shí)間快速掃視文章，查找具體信息或相關(guān)事實(shí)與細(xì)節(jié)的閱讀技巧。查讀有一定的目的性，是帶著問(wèn)題尋找答案的閱讀方法，在考試中具有很高的實(shí)用價(jià)值。

Last year I went to Nepal(尼泊爾)for three months to work in a hospital.I think it's important to see as much of a country as you can, but it is difficult to travel around Nepal.The hospital let me have a few days holiday, so I decided to go into the jungle(叢林)and I asked a Nepalese guide, Kamal Rai, to go with me.We started our trip at six in the morning with two elephants carrying our equipment.It was hot, but Kamal made me wear shoes and trousers to protect me from snakes.① In the jungle there was a lot of wildlife, but we were trying to find big cats, especially tigers.We climbed onto the elephants backs to see better, but it is unusual to find tigers in the afternoon because they sleep in the daytime.Then, in the distance, we saw a tiger, and Kamal told me to be very quiet.We moved nearer and found a dead deer.This was the tigers lunch!I started to feel very frightened.We heard the tiger a second before we saw it.It jumped out suddenly, five hundred kilos plus and four meters long.It grabbed(咬住)Kamal's leg between its teeth, but I succeeded(成功)in pulling Kamal away.② One of our elephants ran at the tiger and made it go back into the grass, so we quickly escaped to let the tiger eat its lunch.That night it was impossible to sleep.1.The writer of the passage must be____.A.a Nepalese doctor

B.a foreign tourist

C.a Nepalese traveler D.a foreign doctor 2.What made the writer suddenly start to feel very frightened? A.He heard the noise of the tiger.B.He saw the tiger in the distance.C.He realized that they were in danger.D.He knew that the tiger was in danger.3.What was unusual about the tiger?

A.It hunted a deer on a hot afternoon.B.It was 500 kilos plus and four meters long.C.It was afraid of an elephant.D.It almost killed the Nepalese guide.難句注釋

① It was hot, but Kamal made me wear shoes and trousers to protect me from snakes.盡管天很熱，但Kamal卻讓我穿上了長(zhǎng)褲和鞋以保護(hù)自己不受蛇的傷害。

② It grabbed Kamals leg between its teeth, but I succeeded in pulling Kamal away.它緊緊咬住Kamal 的腿，可我還是成功地將Kamal 拉走了。

四.默讀：專家認(rèn)為，做閱讀理解不應(yīng)該是讀，而應(yīng)該是看。默讀有利于發(fā)展閱讀者的內(nèi)部語(yǔ)言，有利于強(qiáng)化理解，有利于提高閱讀速度。測(cè)試表明，我們朗讀時(shí)，一分鐘能念125個(gè)字就已很不錯(cuò)了，而默讀時(shí)，每分鐘可讀150個(gè)字以上，有人閱讀小說(shuō)時(shí)甚至可達(dá)每分鐘600字。

As one comes to some crossroads, he or she sees a sign which says that drivers have to stop when they come to the main road ahead.① At other crossroads, drivers have to go slow, but they do not actually have to stop unless, of course, there is something coming along the main road;and at still others, they do not have either to stop or to go slow, because they are themselves on the main road.Mr Williams, who was always a very careful driver, was driving home from work one evening when he came to a crossroad.It had a “SLOW” sign.He slowed down when he came to the main road, looked both ways to see that nothing was coming, and then drove across without stopping completely.At once he heard a police whistle(口哨聲), so he pulled into the side of the road and stopped.② A policeman walked over to him with a notebook and a pen in his hand and said, “You didnt stop at that crossing.”

“But the sign there doesn't say ?STOP?.” answered Mr Williams, “It just says ?SLOW?, and I did go slow.”

The policeman looked around him, and a look of surprise came over his face.③ Then he put his notebook and pen away, scratched(抓)his head and said, “Well，I'm in the wrong street！”

1.Mr Williams was driving ____ one evening.A.to a party

B.to his office

C.home after work

D.to work from home 2.When he was stopped by a policeman, he ____.A.was driving at a high speed

B.was driving onto the main road

C.was going to stop his car

D.was driving slowly

3.Though slowly, Mr Williams continued driving at the crossing because____.A.he didn't see any “STOP” sign there

B.he paid no attention to the traffic rules

C.he didn't have to stop

D.he was eager to get home 4.Looking round Mr Williams, the policeman was surprised because____.A.he met a mad man

B.he realized that he himself was mistaken

C.Mr Williams dared to speak to him like that

D.Mr Williams would not apologize to him 難句注釋

①a sign which says that drivers have to stop when they come to the main road ahead.一個(gè)讓駕駛員到了主干道就得停下來(lái)的標(biāo)牌。

②pull into the side of the road and stop 轉(zhuǎn)向路邊并停了下來(lái)

③The policeman looked around him, and a look of surprise came over his face.這個(gè)警察朝他的周圍看了看，臉上露出驚訝的表情。

五.注意閱讀速度：

一個(gè)人的閱讀能力的高低決定了他能否快速高效地吸收有用信息。合理的快速閱讀可以使閱讀者思想高度集中，在閱讀中積極思維，不時(shí)作出歸納、演繹、對(duì)比、推測(cè)，正確理解篇章大意。沒(méi)有一定的閱讀速度，就不能順利地輸入信息，閱讀理解的成效也會(huì)大大地降低。

高考要求每分鐘讀60個(gè)字，但我們?cè)谄匠＞毩?xí)時(shí)應(yīng)達(dá)到并超過(guò)這個(gè)基本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，以便在高考中能給自己擠出更多時(shí)間去進(jìn)行思考。我們要培養(yǎng)快速閱讀的能力，就必須克服指讀、回讀、重讀等不良習(xí)慣，不要把注意力過(guò)度集中在孤立的單詞上，以致于對(duì)整句、整段的意思把握不清。與此同時(shí)，我們還應(yīng)注意運(yùn)用多種閱讀技巧，如略讀、掃讀、跳讀等來(lái)搜尋關(guān)鍵詞、主題句，理清文章脈絡(luò)，把握語(yǔ)篇實(shí)質(zhì)。

Julia lived in the countryside, but one year she decided to visit the capital city to do some shopping and to see the sights.She stayed at a hotel near the central market.She had seldom been to the city before, and was very excited about what she would find.On the first morning of her visit, as she walked from the hotel to the market, she passed a beggar(乞丐).He was holding up a notice, which said, “Blind from birth.Please give generously(慷慨地).①”

Julia felt sorry for the blind beggar and she bent down and put a dollar coin into his bowl.“Thank you.” he said.The same thing happened again the following day.On the third day, however, Julia did not have a dollar coin.She had only fifty cents, so she dropped this into the beggars bowl.“What have I done wrong?” the beggar said, “Why are you so stingy(吝嗇的)today?” Julia was very surprised at what the beggar said.“How do you know I haven't given you a dollar?” she said, “If you’re blind you can't know what coin I put into your bowl.” “Ah,” explained the beggar,“The truth is that I'm not blind.I'm just looking after this place for the regular beggar while he’s on holiday.②” “On holiday?” Julia said, “And what exactly does your blind friend do on holiday?”

“He goes into the countryside,” the man said, “and takes photographs.He's a very good photographer.”

1.Where was the beggar sitting? A.Between Julia's hotel and the market.B.In the busiest part of the city.C.Outside the shops.D.In the market.2.On the first two days, ____.A.the blind man waited for Julia

B.Julia gave the blind man some money C.the blind man demanded money from Julia

D.Julia gave him nothing 3.On the third day, the blind man____.A.accepted Julia's fifty cents quite happily

B.noticed that Julia had only given him fifty cents C.refused Julia's fifty cents

D.also received one dollar from Julia 難句注釋

① He was holding up a notice, which said, “Blind from birth.Please give generously.” 他舉著一個(gè)告示，上面寫(xiě)著“生來(lái)雙目失明，請(qǐng)慷慨解囊！”。

② I’m just looking after this place for the regular beggar while he’s on holiday.那個(gè)經(jīng)常在這兒的乞丐度假去了，我只是幫他照看一下場(chǎng)子。

自我檢測(cè):

時(shí)間： 20 分鐘

共17題

對(duì)_______題

認(rèn)識(shí)_______新單詞 Passage 1

If you do not use your arms or your legs for some time, they become weak;when you start using them again, they slowly become strong again.Everybody knows that.Yet many people do not seem to know that memory works in the same way.When someone says that he has a good memory, he really means that he keeps his memory in practice by using it.When someone else says that his memory is poor, he really means that he does not give it enough chance to become strong.If a friend says that his arms and legs are weak, we know that it is his fault.But if he tells us that he has a poor memory, many of us think that his parents are to blame, and few of us know that it is just his own fault.Have you ever found that some people can't read or write but they have better memories? This is because they cannot read or write and they have to remember things;they cannot write them down in a little notebook.They have to remember days, names, songs and stories;so their memory is the whole time being exercised.1.The main reason for one's poor memory is that ______.A.his father or mother may have a poor memory

B.he does not use his arms or legs for some time C.his memory is not often used

D.he can't read or write 2.If you do not use your arms or legs for some time, _______.A.you can't use them any more

B.they will become stronger C.they will become weak and won't become strong until you use them again D.they will become weak but they slowly become strong again 3.Which of the following is NOT true?

A.Your memory works in the same way as your arms or legs.B.Your memory like your arms or legs, becomes weak if you do not give it enough chance for practice.C.Don't learn how to read and write if you want to have a better memory.D.A good memory comes from more practice.4.Some people can't read or write, but they usually have better memories, because_______.A.they have saved much trouble

B.they have saved much time to remember things C.they have to use their memories all the time

D.they can't write everything in a little notebook 5.Give the best title for this passage.A.Don't Stop Using Your Arms Or Legs

B.How To Have A Good Memory C.Strong Arms And Good Memories

D.Learn From The People 詞匯擴(kuò)展

① memory n.記憶力 ② fault n.過(guò)錯(cuò)

③ blame v.受指責(zé) ④ title n.標(biāo)題 Passage 2

Fish hear sounds, though they have simply no ears outside their bodies.However, fish do have ears inside their bodies, near the brain, and they hear very well with them.Some fish have been taught to recognize the difference between sounds better than some human beings do.Many underwater animals make noises only by chance while they are doing something else.Other sounds are real communications of a simple sort, telling one fish of the presence and direction of another.A few noises may be warning messages or discovery of food, etc.The earliest scientific report on fish sounds referred to one of these.A new field in science is learning to recognize and use underwater birds and other land creatures by their calls.But this method is a greater challenge than bird-watching, for many of the animals of the sea cannot be followed in any other known way.Their voices cry for attention.Yet we still have too little knowledge about many of the call makers which will some day be made known more fully.It is as though the great oceans were for daring man to invade them and to learn the secrets of the place from which his forefathers came so long ago.1.After reading the passage, we can conclude that _______.A.many fish often make meaningless noises

B.sound cannot pass through some fish bodies C.sound waves can easily be felt by fish bodies

D.some fish can easily understand some land creatures' calls 2.Recognizing underwater animals _______.A.is totally different from recognizing land creatures by their calls B.is more difficult than recognizing land creatures by their calls C.will change people's knowledge of fish

D.is more or less a battle 3.One of the earliest scientific reports on fish sounds was about ______.A.noises made occasionally by underwater animals

B.some sort of communication between fish C.the difference between sounds

D.what sort of fish the call maker was 4.From the last sentence, we can learn that_______.A.the human beings have invaded the oceans for long

B.more secrets of the great oceans are to be found out C.only very brave people can make use of the great ocean D.people are fighting each other to become the masters of the great oceans 詞匯擴(kuò)展

① presence n.存在 ② invade v.涌入

Passage 3

If you are like most people, your intelligence is different from season to season.You are probably a lot sharper in the spring than you are at any other time of the year.A well-known scientist, Ellsworth Huntington(1876－1947), concluded from other men's work and his own among peoples in different climates that climate and temperature have an obvious effect on our mental abilities.He found that cool weather is much more favorable for creative thinking than summer heat.This does not mean that all people are less intelligent in the summer than they are during the rest of the year.It does mean, however, that the mental abilities of large numbers of people tend to be lowest in the summer.Spring appears to be the best period of the year for thinking.One reason may be that in the spring man's mental abilities are affected by the same factors that bring about great changes in all nature.Fall is the next best season, then winter.As for summer, it seems to be a good time to take a long vacation ROM thinking!1.Huntington based his conclusion on _______.A.records of changes in his own intelligence

B.work with peoples in different climates

C.records of temperature changes

D.all of the above 2.Ellsworth Huntington decided that climate and temperature have _______.A.a great effect on everyone's intelligence

B.effect on most people's intelligence

C.effect on only a few people's intelligence

D.no effect on people's intelligence 3.One possible reason why spring is the best season for thinking is that _______.A.all nature, including man, is growing then

B.it lasts longer than the other seasons C.it is neither too warm nor too cold

D.both A and C 4.The best seasons for thinking seem to be _______.A.spring and fall

B.winter and summer

C.summer and spring

D.fall and winter 5.According to the selection, vacation from thinking should be taken _______.A.several times throughout the year

B.during spring and fall

C.during the summer

D.as seldom as possible 詞匯擴(kuò)展

① intelligence n.智力 ② climate n.③ abilities n.④ tend to be 往往是

⑤ factor n.因素 ⑥ vacation n.假期

Passage 4 Even if you are a good high-jumper, you can jump only about seven feet off the ground.You can not jump any higher because the earth pulls you hard.The pull of the earth is called gravity.You can easily find out the pull of the earth.If you weigh yourself, you will know how much gravity is pulling you.Since there is gravity, water runs downhill.When you throw a ball into the air, it falls back down.Because of gravity you do not fall off the earth as it whirls around.Then can we get a way from the earth and go far out into space? Now you can do it, because spaceships have been invented.The spaceship will go fast.It can escape the earth's gravity and carry you into space.1.In this passage, the word “gravity” means _______.A.the force of attraction among objects

B.the force which attracts the earth towards the sun C.the force which attracts objects towards the centre of the earth

D.the pull of everything 2.When you slip on something, you _______.A.sometimes fall down to ground

B.always fall down to the ground C.never fall down to the ground

D.go up into the air 3.Gravity is so strong that _______.A.it makes you jump only seven feet

B.it makes you go up into the air

C.it can keep everything on earth

D.it can throw a ball into the air 詞匯擴(kuò)展

① whirl v.旋轉(zhuǎn) ② attract v.吸引

③ slip vi.滑倒

英語(yǔ)閱讀之美文背誦

Three Days to See(Excerpts)假如給我三天光明（節(jié)選）

All of us have read thrilling stories in which the hero had only a limited and specified time to live.Sometimes it was as long as a year, sometimes as short as 24 hours.But always we were interested in discovering just how the doomed hero chose to spend his last days or his last hours.I speak, of course, of free men who have a choice, not condemned criminals whose sphere of activities is strictly delimited.Such stories set us thinking, wondering what we should do under similar circumstances.What events, what experiences, what associations should we crowd into those last hours as mortal beings, what regrets? Sometimes I have thought it would be an excellent rule to live each day as if we should die tomorrow.Such an attitude would emphasize sharply the values of life.We should live each day with gentleness, vigor and a keenness of appreciation which are often lost when time stretches before us in the constant panorama of more days and months and years to come.There are those, of course, who would adopt the Epicurean motto of “Eat, drink, and be merry”.But most people would be chastened by the certainty of impending death.In stories the doomed hero is usually saved at the last minute by some stroke of fortune, but almost always his sense of values is changed.He becomes more appreciative of the meaning of life and its permanent spiritual values.It has often been noted that those who live, or have lived, in the shadow of death bring a mellow sweetness to everything they do.Most of us, however, take life for granted.We know that one day we must die, but usually we picture that day as far in the future.When we are in buoyant health, death is all but unimaginable.We seldom think of it.The days stretch out in an endless vista.So we go about our petty tasks, hardly aware of our listless attitude toward life.The same lethargy, I am afraid, characterizes the use of all our faculties and senses.Only the deaf appreciate hearing, only the blind realize the manifold blessings that lie in sight.Particularly does this observation apply to those who have lost sight and hearing in adult life.But those who have never suffered impairment of sight or hearing seldom make the fullest use of these blessed faculties.Their eyes and ears take in all sights and sounds hazily, without concentration and with little appreciation.It is the same old story of not being grateful for what we have until we lose it, of not being conscious of health until we are ill.I have often thought it would be a blessing if each human being were stricken blind and deaf for a few days at some time during his early adult life.Darkness would make him more appreciative of sight;silence would teach him the joys of sound.一.本文講述了作者的朋友們想為他開(kāi)生日party以給他意外驚喜的事。

1.D.由第三段 “I went into the bathroom...when suddenly from behind...”可知“我”并不知情。

2.C.由第二段 “We went inside and as usual I went into the bathroom...” 推知。

3.D.由最后一段 “They had all planned to come out of...just at the same time”推知。二.本文主要介紹了應(yīng)邀參加英美人舉辦的家庭晚宴需注意的一些禮節(jié)。

1.A.由第二段“Its polite to bring...as a gift.”得知。

2.C.按第三、五兩段中提出的進(jìn)餐順序可選出答案。

3.C.四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有C符合文末提出的感謝宴請(qǐng)的方式。三.本文描述了作者和向?qū)г谀岵礌枀擦衷庥隼匣⒌慕?jīng)歷。

1.D.據(jù)首句得知。

2.C.由第二段得知，作者感到害怕的原因是意識(shí)到處境危險(xiǎn)。

3.A.由第一段末句 “...it is unusual to find tigers in the afternoon” 推知。

四.本文講述了一個(gè)人明明遵守了交通規(guī)則，但由于警察自己站錯(cuò)了街道位置而產(chǎn)生了誤會(huì)的故事。

1.C.文中第二段提到“...was driving home from work.”。

2.B.第二段中提到“He slowed down when he came to the main road...”。

3.C.根據(jù)文章意思，Mr Williams 只需要慢行，不必停下來(lái)。

4.B.根據(jù)文中“I'm in the wrong street!”可知警察最后知道是他自己弄錯(cuò)了。

五.本文講述了Julia出于同情給了一個(gè)自稱失明的乞丐幾次錢后，發(fā)現(xiàn)該乞丐是假裝失明來(lái)騙錢的真相的故事。1.A.從第二段第一句“...as she walked from the hotel to the market, she passed a beggar.”中可得出答案。2.B.從文中可以看出是Julia因?yàn)橥槟莻€(gè)乞丐而主動(dòng)給錢的。

3.B.乞丐注意到Julia只給了平時(shí)的一半時(shí)很不高興，但并沒(méi)有拒絕。

自我檢測(cè)：1.CCCCB

2.CBBB

3.BBAAC

4.CBC

第四篇：2014年英語(yǔ)專題輔導(dǎo) 之閱讀理解4

2014年英語(yǔ)專題輔導(dǎo) 之 閱讀理解4

I 主旨大意類閱讀理解的備考策略 此類問(wèn)題屬于全局性的問(wèn)題，難度相對(duì)較大，因此必須閱讀全文，抓住文章的中心思想。下列幾種策略有助于快速準(zhǔn)確地把握文章的中心思想：

(1)把此類問(wèn)題留在最后。因?yàn)榛卮鹌渌?xì)節(jié)性問(wèn)題后，自然就會(huì)對(duì)文章大意有一定的了解。(2)找出文章的中心思想句。要把注意力放在閱讀材料的開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾，放在觀點(diǎn)性、歸納性和概括性的句子上，放在被許多句子說(shuō)明和證實(shí)的句子上。

(3)找出各個(gè)段落的主題句。主題句有以下幾個(gè)特征：①它是概括全段思想的句子；②一般出現(xiàn)在段首，其次是段尾，有的出現(xiàn)在段落當(dāng)中；③它表達(dá)的是觀點(diǎn)，而不是事實(shí)。

(4)注意由in summary，in a word，as a result，finally，in short，in conclusion和in brief等“信號(hào)詞”引導(dǎo)的句子。(5)正確選項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn)：不出現(xiàn)細(xì)節(jié)信息；不含過(guò)分肯定或絕對(duì)意義的詞。(6)干擾項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)：細(xì)節(jié)信息明顯；過(guò)于籠統(tǒng)。II 推理判斷類閱讀理解的備考策略 在解答推理性問(wèn)題時(shí)，應(yīng)清楚所要解答的問(wèn)題需要針對(duì)某個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行推斷，還是針對(duì)主題思想、作者的意圖進(jìn)行推斷。針對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)的推斷可用scanning方法，迅速在閱讀材料中確定推理依據(jù)的位置或范圍，然后再進(jìn)行推理判斷。針對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)的推斷可能要求針對(duì)某一句話，推斷出其意義或某一事實(shí)。

針對(duì)主題思想作推斷時(shí)，其解題的主要依據(jù)是文章的主題思想，然后再分析句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系，區(qū)分觀點(diǎn)與例證、原因與結(jié)果、主觀點(diǎn)與次觀點(diǎn)。

在推理判斷時(shí)要牢記以下幾點(diǎn)：

(1)嚴(yán)格按照閱讀材料中所提供的信息或推論依據(jù)進(jìn)行推理，千萬(wàn)不能摻雜自己的主觀想法或經(jīng)驗(yàn)，一切以文章為準(zhǔn)；(2)如果某選項(xiàng)中的內(nèi)容只是閱讀材料的簡(jiǎn)單重復(fù)，那它就不是推論，也就不是正確答案；(3)如果某選項(xiàng)所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容與經(jīng)驗(yàn)相吻合，文中卻沒(méi)有涉及，那它屬于主觀臆斷的結(jié)論，也不是正確答案；(4)如果某個(gè)選項(xiàng)表達(dá)的內(nèi)容雖在文章中提到，但很片面或不完整，那它也不是正確答案；(5)文中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞往往能流露出作者的弦外之音，這有助于我們確定正確答案；(6)注意作者在文中的措辭，比如作者在形容詞前用了too，excessively，rather等，則常常帶有否定的口氣；(7)某些過(guò)渡詞(例如：however，but，on the contrary，what’s more)后面所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容往往能夠反映作者的觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度；(8)正確選項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn)：①不是文中明確說(shuō)明的內(nèi)容，有引申推理；②大多含義深刻，不是常識(shí)選項(xiàng)。觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度類

▲.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度類題目的設(shè)題方式 常見(jiàn)的觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度類的題型有以下幾種形式：

(1)The author writes this passage to(2)The author in this passage intends to(3)The author’s main purpose in writing this passage is to.(4)Why does the author write this passage?▲.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度類閱讀理解的備考策略 觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度類的題和了解文章大意有所不同，后者要知道文章的中心思想是什么；而前者是要知道作者為什么要寫(xiě)這篇文章。例如，一篇報(bào)導(dǎo)有關(guān)美國(guó)離婚內(nèi)容的文章，其中心思想可能是高離婚率對(duì)美國(guó)社會(huì)、家庭、當(dāng)事者以及他們子女的影響，而作者寫(xiě)這篇文章的目的卻是引起社會(huì)的關(guān)注，或要人們對(duì)離婚持謹(jǐn)慎的態(tài)度。

作者通常采用的論述方法有：

(1)擺事實(shí)，講道理，論證自己的觀點(diǎn)。(2)只介紹和傳遞信息，并不發(fā)表自己的看法。(3)從多方面闡述意義或重要性。(4)分析某事物的危險(xiǎn)性，并提出警告。(5)從多方面或多角度分析原因或因素。(6)用事實(shí)或數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行生動(dòng)形象地描寫(xiě)。(7)告知方法或做法等，且祈使句使用頻率比較高(8)闡明某項(xiàng)建議或解決方法的可行性。(9)作者對(duì)某一事物的看法，要么支持要么反對(duì)，帶有中立色彩的詞最不可能是正確答案。(10)漠不關(guān)心的詞語(yǔ)一定不對(duì)，既然寫(xiě)文章就不會(huì)不關(guān)心。(11)不要把讀者自己的態(tài)度揉入其中，要區(qū)分開(kāi)作者和文章中人物的態(tài)度。(12)當(dāng)作者的態(tài)度沒(méi)有明確提出時(shí)，要學(xué)會(huì)根據(jù)作者使用詞語(yǔ)的褒貶性去判斷作者的態(tài)度。(13)作者的觀點(diǎn)一般與文章主旨相關(guān)聯(lián)。A難度值：較難推薦度：★ ★ ★ ★ Most people think their time problems are outer, and that they are caused by the telephone, meetings, visitors, and delayed information or decisions.Although these problems often have a bad effete on them, as when people call or drop in, we usually contribute to them.We fail to have calls screened by a skillful secretary or assistant, or we leave our door open, actually assuring constant interruptions.In almost all cases, it is possible to influence, if not control, it usually can cause problems, such as, slowness and indecision, lack of self-discipline, the inability to delegate, or the tendency to fight fires, to act without thinking, and to jump from task to task without finishing any of them.Time is constant that cannot be changed.The clock cannot be slowed down or speeded up.Thus we cannot manage time itself.We can only manage our activities with respect to time.The same skills are needed as those used in managing others—the abilities to plan, organize, delegate, direct, and control.Time management is simply self-management.It is impossible to be effective in any position without controlling one’s time effectively.Successful time management does not mean working harder, but working smarter.All kinds of management skills must be used in the home and office to get most value from time.You must think ahead about what to do, and timely than others, making it get maximum results in the shortest possible period.13.According to the writer, time problems A.are caused by the telephone, meetings and visitorsB.are caused by delayed information or decisions C.can be solved by self-managementD.can’t be controlled 14.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as internally generated（內(nèi)因的time wasters? A.slowness and indecision.B.Lack of self-discipline.C.Jumping from task to task without finishing any of them.D.Working hard.15.It can be concluded from the passage that the abilities to plan, organize, delegate, direct and control should A.be used in managing others’ activities B.be used in managing one’s own activities C.not be used in time managementD.be used in managing both others’ and one’s activities16.We can also draw a conclusion that the key to successful time management is.A.working harder and harderB.clever self-management C.thinking of what to do, and how and when to do itD.employing a skillful secretary 文章難度：偏難?；蛟S不少人都認(rèn)為自己在時(shí)間利用上有一系列問(wèn)題，針對(duì)一部分人認(rèn)為時(shí)間問(wèn)題是外在問(wèn)題的觀點(diǎn)，作者在闡述自己看法的同時(shí)，舉例說(shuō)明時(shí)間問(wèn)題的關(guān)鍵在于對(duì)時(shí)間的控制。

13、主旨大意。在第二段首句，作者表明外在時(shí)間問(wèn)題是可以控制或影響的，然后對(duì)時(shí)間問(wèn)題的難點(diǎn)進(jìn)行分析，并在第四段第二句“Time management is simply self-management”.中表明了自己的看法，時(shí)間控制實(shí)質(zhì)上是自我控制。

14、細(xì)節(jié)理解。由第二段可知，D項(xiàng)在文中根本未提及。

15、推理判斷。由第四段可知，對(duì)時(shí)間控制技巧在管理他人和自我控制中都是適用的。

16、推理判斷。由 “Time management is simply self-management”可知成功的時(shí)間管理必須有完善的自我管理。3442

重難點(diǎn)單詞與詞組：①contribute to 貢獻(xiàn)于，致力于 ②screen 審查 ③indecision 猶豫不決④delegate委托

⑤tendency意向，傾向⑥maximum最大值⑦assure 保證

B2012福建卷 難度值：較難推薦度：★ ★ ★ ★Holidays are really important.Many of us will have childhood memories of summer holidays where we were taken away from home to experience new environments and learn in different ways.But holidays are expensive and, for those on low wages or living on benefits, they are often unobtainable.Even the cheapest holidays require travel and other additional costs that are difficult for many families to meet.For working parents, the long summer break can be a very difficult problem for childcare.When an annual leave allowance amounts to only five weeks, there is a need to spread this across the year.Couples can find themselves taking leave in turn in order to care for children who are on holiday.For some ’ this makes even an affordable family holiday difficult.The schools that I visit in Nottingham are full of experienced staff committed to giving our children a caring and inspiring learning environment.The number of children receiving free school meals is quite large in Nottingham and many schools have breakfast clubs to make sure that children get a healthy start to the day.Most schools undertake programs of group or individual educational support.Schools also have an important role in safeguarding children's welfare through the ongoing touch and support with their pupils.During the long summer holidays, much of this is missed.While teachers are holidaying in the UK, many of their pupils spend the whole six weeks on the street where they live.The lack of free school meals for six weeks can result in pressure on a family budget and an inability to afford the inspiring experiences that help children to continue their learning.In setting out its plans for a five-term year, Nottingham City Council(委員會(huì))is seeking to reduce the summer holiday down lo four and a half weeks, with a more balanced five terms of roughly eight weeks, each followed by a two-week break.We believe this will give real “down time“ for school staff and pupils alike but will be short enough not to cause a real break in learning.We acknowledge that this change may be difficult for some school staff, particularly whose own children are educated in other authorities.However, this must be weighed against the benefits for city children for whom we all have the greatest duty of care.71.The passage is probably written by A.an experienced teacher B.a working parentC.an inspired student D.a city council member 72.The underlined word ”they“ in the second paragraph refers to ”’.A.environments B.holidays C.wages D.benefits A.2 weeks B.4.5 weeks C.5 weeks D.6 weeks 74.The plans for a shorter summer holiday will help students_____.A.obtain the cheapest holidays without additional costsB.get a chance to spend six weeks a term with teachers in school C.benefit more from the caring and inspiring learning environment D.have more school days to receive free school meals 75.It can be inferred from the passage that _______.A.working parents can enjoy a five-week break to care for their children B.the suggested plans for a five-term school year can hardly be carried out C.the long summer holiday gives teachers and students real “down time” D.some school staff will say “ No" to the plans for a shorter summer holiday

【考點(diǎn)】減少假期問(wèn)題——一一議論文類

【文章大意】假期使我們放松并去一些地方去游玩，使我們釋放壓力，但是對(duì)于一些低收入家庭或靠救濟(jì)而過(guò)活的家庭來(lái)說(shuō)造成很多的經(jīng)濟(jì)負(fù)擔(dān)，本文提倡在不影響學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的前提下減少假期的時(shí)間。

71.【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第一句話的口氣可知作者是City Council的一名成員

72.【試題解析】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)上文提到的holidays are expensive可知they指的是holidays，本句意為：假期是非常貴的，對(duì)于那些低收入或靠救濟(jì)來(lái)過(guò)活的家庭的人來(lái)說(shuō)，假期是獲得不到的。73.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。

74.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第一句話Nottingham City Council(委員會(huì))is seeking to reduce the summer holiday down lo four and a half weeks,可知答案。

75.【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第一句話We acknowledge that this change may be difficult for some school staff, particularly whose own children are educated in other authorities.可知答案為D項(xiàng)，對(duì)于減少假期的時(shí)間學(xué)校的一些教職工是不支持的?！倦y度】難度大

【長(zhǎng)難句解析】We acknowledge that this change may be difficult for some school staff, particularly whose own children are educated in other authorities.我們承認(rèn)這個(gè)改變對(duì)于一些教職工尤其是對(duì)于家里的孩子在其他機(jī)關(guān)接受教育的家庭來(lái)說(shuō)是很難接受的。首先本句中that引導(dǎo)的是賓語(yǔ)從句，whose引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞為school staff。42234

第五篇：考博心得之考博英語(yǔ)閱讀理解

考博心得之考博英語(yǔ)閱讀理解

閱讀理解在大家看來(lái)，是英語(yǔ)考試中最關(guān)鍵的部分，因?yàn)檫@部分所占的分?jǐn)?shù)最多，在試卷中的地位舉足輕重。有很多方面的書(shū)籍，介紹大家如何來(lái)提高閱讀理解水平，卻很少提到不同類別的英語(yǔ)考試試卷中，都有自己的出題特點(diǎn)。其結(jié)果是，大凡英語(yǔ)考試，大家都采用幾乎一樣的思考模式，這在相當(dāng)程度上影響了具體類別考試復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)的針對(duì)性。

首先，介紹如何提高閱讀理解的基本功

很多參考書(shū)中（推薦一本考博英語(yǔ)閱讀理解精練220篇(上下冊(cè))）。都提到在閱讀時(shí)，不能讀出聲來(lái)，要快速的閱讀。要達(dá)到這個(gè)水平需要相當(dāng)?shù)挠?xùn)練，可惜的是大部分考生由于各種原因，沒(méi)有這樣的條件。根據(jù)個(gè)人的體會(huì)，閱讀中，碰到的最大問(wèn)題往往不是理解不了其中內(nèi)容，經(jīng)常讓人頭痛的是閱讀過(guò)程中，會(huì)在一些關(guān)鍵地方碰到自己不認(rèn)識(shí)的單詞，大大影響了自己對(duì)文章的領(lǐng)悟。所以第一個(gè)基本功還是詞匯部分，我們不需要把大綱中所有的詞匯（考博英語(yǔ)10000詞匯詳解）都會(huì)拼寫(xiě)，因?yàn)槌藢?xiě)作之外，會(huì)認(rèn)某個(gè)詞與會(huì)寫(xiě)某個(gè)詞沒(méi)區(qū)別，即使是寫(xiě)作，用到的詞也都是常見(jiàn)的。

學(xué)會(huì)用自己的呼吸來(lái)控制自己的閱讀，進(jìn)而提高閱讀速度。這點(diǎn)可能不少朋友沒(méi)有聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)吧，對(duì)，這是我自己體會(huì)后總結(jié)出來(lái)的。針對(duì)一個(gè)句子，大家要學(xué)著在吸氣的過(guò)程中，看明白前半部分的意思，而在呼氣的過(guò)程中，看明白后一半的內(nèi)容。開(kāi)始訓(xùn)練時(shí)，大部分人達(dá)不到這個(gè)要求，沒(méi)關(guān)系，重新吸氣，呼氣，直到這個(gè)句子看懂。選擇的文章不要太難，但也不能過(guò)于簡(jiǎn)單，仔細(xì)體會(huì)這個(gè)過(guò)程。

我比較推薦的一個(gè)方法是：充分利用選擇填空題目，在要填空的位置上，先寫(xiě)上正確的答案，然后嘗試著在一個(gè)呼吸過(guò)程中看懂它所表述的意思。這不僅將來(lái)能提高選擇填空的閱讀速度，也提高了語(yǔ)感。當(dāng)訓(xùn)練的差不多后，可以轉(zhuǎn)入閱讀文章了，把呼吸和大腦的思維連貫性統(tǒng)一起來(lái)。

其次，閱讀理解過(guò)程中，需要從頭讀到尾嗎？

這個(gè)問(wèn)題，我也曾經(jīng)問(wèn)了自己很多次。經(jīng)過(guò)嘗試后，我總結(jié)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)是沒(méi)必要。說(shuō)起來(lái)大家可能不相信，我覺(jué)得閱讀理解，如其說(shuō)是閱讀，不如說(shuō)是把文章的內(nèi)容結(jié)構(gòu)搞懂：這篇閱讀理解分了幾個(gè)段落？每個(gè)段落中最重要的那個(gè)主旨句要表達(dá)的是什么意思？文章作者是以什么口氣、什么態(tài)度來(lái)看待自己文章所描述的內(nèi)容的？實(shí)際就是從宏觀上把握作者的意圖

全面閱讀有什么不？第一個(gè)就是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間，考試中的時(shí)間是最寶貴的，如果費(fèi)了不少時(shí)間讀懂了文章的某些內(nèi)容（即使是比較重要的），可偏巧這在后邊的題目中又沒(méi)有體現(xiàn)出來(lái)，不就是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間和精力嗎？第二就是使得人容易忘記其他部分的內(nèi)容，當(dāng)我們看第一段的時(shí)候，看明白它的內(nèi)容了，可當(dāng)你把最后一段也看懂之，第一段的內(nèi)容你還能記得多少呢？這個(gè)問(wèn)題在閱讀理解進(jìn)行到第三篇，第四篇的時(shí)候尤其突出，以至于頭暈?zāi)X脹。相信很多人有這個(gè)感覺(jué)，英語(yǔ)考試過(guò)程中，覺(jué)得自己腦力不夠用，或者考試結(jié)束后有朦朧的倦意。這對(duì)后邊題目的完成絕對(duì)是個(gè)巨大威脅。第三就是缺乏對(duì)整個(gè)文章的理解，由于在全面閱讀過(guò)程中，人的精力集中在具體句子的理解上，沖淡了整體的認(rèn)識(shí)，而幾乎每個(gè)閱讀理解后的題目中，總少不了1個(gè)或2個(gè)關(guān)于文章整體概括性的題目，稍有偏差，就會(huì)出錯(cuò)。

采用“跳讀”的方法，可以克服全面閱讀的缺點(diǎn)。這種閱讀方法可以這樣來(lái)描述：在閱讀過(guò)程中，先試圖把每個(gè)句子都讀懂，當(dāng)你覺(jué)得它不是主旨句后，就快速讀過(guò)去，或者直接跳過(guò)去。當(dāng)你讀完之后，直接去做后邊的題目，帶著題目返回到文章中去尋找答案

“跳讀”的主要目的有兩個(gè)：一是把每一段的主要意思抓住，這一段主要講的是哪一方面的內(nèi)容，而不需要知道具體內(nèi)容是什么；二是搞清楚文章的結(jié)構(gòu)，從宏觀整體上明白作者的語(yǔ)氣、看法、態(tài)度。

帶著題目返回文章中尋找答案。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，閱讀理解的題目是先問(wèn)細(xì)節(jié)問(wèn)題，再涉及文章中某一詞是什么意思、某一復(fù)雜的句子在表達(dá)作者什么看法，最后是關(guān)于文章整體的理解。由于“跳讀”占用的時(shí)間比較少，記的也比較清楚，所以一看到問(wèn)細(xì)節(jié)問(wèn)題后，基本上就知道去文章中哪個(gè)段落中去尋找答案了。如果看到了關(guān)于文章整體理解方面的題目，可以把各個(gè)段落中的主旨句聯(lián)系起來(lái)判斷，采用排除的方法，確定最佳答案。

最后，多多分析歷年考試試卷，總結(jié)出相關(guān)“規(guī)律”（一種可以意會(huì)，而不可言傳的經(jīng)驗(yàn)）。我很想把自己總結(jié)的中科院英語(yǔ)博士入學(xué)考試試卷的具體規(guī)律寫(xiě)出來(lái)，可真的又不知道該如何寫(xiě)，只是在自己的感覺(jué)上覺(jué)得它就是這樣。所以這點(diǎn)需要大家自己去意會(huì)，總結(jié)屬于自己的“規(guī)律”。我在這里肯定的告訴各位：每個(gè)類別的英語(yǔ)考試，都有自己的側(cè)重點(diǎn)，都有自己特殊的規(guī)律。

要善于分析閱讀理解正文中的規(guī)律

1，每個(gè)段落的主旨句一般都在段的開(kāi)頭或者結(jié)尾，少部分在段的中間，這些句子的意思比較寬，覆蓋了本段內(nèi)容；在中科院英語(yǔ)博士入學(xué)考試中，每個(gè)閱讀理解后邊有6個(gè)問(wèn)題，一般來(lái)說(shuō)，有3-4個(gè)是細(xì)節(jié)部分，1-2個(gè)是正文概括性的題目，1個(gè)是關(guān)于正文中某個(gè)詞匯或者某個(gè)句子的問(wèn)題（有些閱讀理解后邊沒(méi)有）。不幸的是，正文中比較長(zhǎng)的，或者比較難懂的，或者有生詞的句子，往往是題目中要涉及的。然而幸運(yùn)的是這些句子雖然表面上看比較復(fù)雜、也很長(zhǎng)?；旧喜皇菐в袕?fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)的簡(jiǎn)單句，就是并列句，再不就是雙重否定句（其他的可能性就不是很大了）。在“跳讀”中，如一時(shí)不能理解它的意思可以暫時(shí)放過(guò)，一旦題目中涉及到該句，切不可緊張，先分析結(jié)構(gòu)，再層層理解。這時(shí)就考大家平時(shí)積累了，我強(qiáng)烈建議：在做模擬題的過(guò)程中，只要碰到這樣的句子，就一定不要放過(guò)，摘抄下來(lái)后，研究一番：這個(gè)句子是如何構(gòu)成的？它采用什么句式？而實(shí)際上某一類別英語(yǔ)考試中，經(jīng)常拿來(lái)考的比較難的句型，翻來(lái)覆去也就那么幾種，無(wú)非是填充了不同內(nèi)容罷了，搞懂后就沒(méi)什么神秘感。這種規(guī)律在其他試題類型中也存在，當(dāng)題目類型確定后，命題小組的人就那么幾個(gè)，成員相對(duì)比較穩(wěn)定，每個(gè)人都有自己的偏向性，作為一個(gè)小組，出的題目有偏向性不足為奇，關(guān)鍵在于大家通過(guò)自己的研究，發(fā)現(xiàn)它的偏向特征。

如何去尋找那些“偏向特征”。當(dāng)我們把歷年的幾套試題放在一起綜合對(duì)比后，就可以按提供如下線索去體會(huì)：

都喜歡怎么問(wèn)問(wèn)題？比如說(shuō)同樣考察正文中的某個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)，有的類別考試喜歡把小問(wèn)題問(wèn)的很復(fù)雜，而有的則直接就問(wèn)，但基本都是換了個(gè)說(shuō)法去問(wèn)的。這個(gè)時(shí)候，大家最去考察一下問(wèn)的風(fēng)格。綜合所有閱讀理解試題，可以感覺(jué)命題人喜歡在正文的哪些方面做文章。

B答案喜歡怎么給出？總的來(lái)說(shuō)，答案直接與正文細(xì)節(jié)一一對(duì)應(yīng)的幾乎沒(méi)有。但無(wú)外乎兩個(gè)方面，一是把正文中內(nèi)容直接用另一個(gè)方式表達(dá)出來(lái)，這種情況下，答案與正文中有不少單詞是一樣的；一是表面上看沒(méi)有任何聯(lián)系，但所說(shuō)內(nèi)容與正文意思一致，相對(duì)來(lái)說(shuō)這種情況少見(jiàn)一些。

答案中一般有三種類情況，一是正確回答了問(wèn)題；一是部分回答了問(wèn)題，但意思不完整或者有偏差；一是干擾型，拿一些與正文無(wú)關(guān)的內(nèi)容來(lái)擾亂考試者的思路?；谶@一點(diǎn)，我才強(qiáng)調(diào)一定要在閱讀過(guò)程中，掌握作者的寫(xiě)作結(jié)構(gòu)，寫(xiě)作心態(tài)，與具體細(xì)節(jié)相互結(jié)合，一般就不難排除錯(cuò)誤，給出正確答案。

答案中有些選項(xiàng)一看就知道是錯(cuò)誤的，這些項(xiàng)往往語(yǔ)氣非?？隙?，后者所囊括的范圍過(guò)于寬廣。因此，提醒大家在閱讀時(shí)，如果發(fā)現(xiàn)有了有表露作者口氣、心態(tài)的詞語(yǔ)，一定要多加留心，這些詞語(yǔ)從一個(gè)側(cè)面反映了作者的寫(xiě)作意圖，與重要段落的主旨意相互呼應(yīng)，就成了回答文章整體概括性題目的依據(jù)。

采用什么方法來(lái)做閱讀理解的題目效果最？

我總結(jié)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)是：排除法。細(xì)節(jié)的問(wèn)題，往往來(lái)說(shuō)比較回答，掃過(guò)一遍后，基本就可以確定正確答案。而概括性，判斷性的題目，相對(duì)難些，選項(xiàng)中總有那么兩個(gè)比較類似，只有語(yǔ)氣，側(cè)重點(diǎn)的區(qū)別。我推薦下列步驟

A，閱讀理解的問(wèn)題是什么？各個(gè)選項(xiàng)說(shuō)的是什么意思？

B，選項(xiàng)與正文內(nèi)容相比較，要把握仔細(xì)（語(yǔ)氣，重要的形容詞側(cè)重）；

C，主要采用排除的方法做不很確定的題目；

D，每個(gè)段落的主旨句有關(guān)鍵作用

E，做完題目后，快速的回顧下各個(gè)問(wèn)題的答案的意思是否前后對(duì)應(yīng)，而不相互矛盾。

根據(jù)題目的不同情況，結(jié)合大家自己的理解，靈活處理。

在中科院英語(yǔ)博士入學(xué)考試中，還有一類特殊的題目：排序。這類題目與閱讀理解部分不少是類似的，就不多說(shuō)，提供以下參考：

A，注意段中的主旨句，往往決定了這個(gè)段落中某個(gè)選項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容范圍

B，由于選項(xiàng)有多的，容易引起誤選，所以要注意可能的選項(xiàng)必須與本段內(nèi)的細(xì)節(jié)，還有整體意是否相關(guān)，并符合；

C，根據(jù)排序位處于段落中的位置，如果在段首，有可能是主旨句，也有可能是承上啟下的句子；如果在段中，注意前后相關(guān)；如果在段尾，要能完整主旨句在段落中的意思（并不一定如此，請(qǐng)大家靈活處理）。

D，確定所有選項(xiàng)后，注意整個(gè)正文在語(yǔ)意上是前后呼應(yīng)的。

我做這類題目的一個(gè)小竅門是：先把各個(gè)選項(xiàng)的意思搞清楚，然后再去看正文，一邊看，一邊嘗試著帶如某個(gè)選項(xiàng)，再把這個(gè)選項(xiàng)與該段主旨句，鄰近句子的細(xì)節(jié)相互對(duì)應(yīng)起來(lái)，選擇最恰當(dāng)?shù)囊粋€(gè)。

說(shuō)了這么多，關(guān)鍵還是自己去實(shí)踐，做錯(cuò)了題很正常，無(wú)論如何一定要搞清楚自己為什么錯(cuò)了，思考命題人是如何設(shè)置“陷阱”來(lái)套自己的，而自己是犯了什么錯(cuò)誤才掉進(jìn)去的，要如何做才能避開(kāi)它。正是在總結(jié)自己錯(cuò)誤的過(guò)程中，才能總結(jié)出自己的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。這些偏向性，往往都是在發(fā)現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤的過(guò)程中顯現(xiàn)的。