第一篇：2015年度職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)教材詞匯
1.call [k??l]
vi.呼叫；拜訪；叫牌
vt.呼叫；稱(chēng)呼；召集
n.電話；呼叫；要求；訪問(wèn)
2.space [spe?s]
n.空間；太空；距離;
vi.留間隔;
vt.隔開(kāi)
3.room [ru?m;r?m]
n.房間；空間；余地；機(jī)會(huì)；房間里所有的人;
vt.為…提供住處；租房，合?。煌端?，住宿；留…住宿;
vi.居??；住宿;
n.（英）魯姆（人名）；（俄）羅姆（人名）
4.at once
馬上，立刻
5.immediate [?'mi?d??t]
adj.立即的；直接的；最接近的6.identify [a?'dent?fa?]
vt.確定；鑒定；識(shí)別，辨認(rèn)出；使參與；把…看成一樣 vi.確定；認(rèn)同；一致;
vi.確定；認(rèn)同；一致
7.name [ne?m]
n.名稱(chēng)，名字；姓名；名譽(yù);
vt.命名，任命；指定；稱(chēng)呼；提名；叫出;
adj.姓名的；據(jù)以取名的;
n.(Name)人名；(日)滑(姓)；(英)內(nèi)姆
8.occur [?'k??]
vi.發(fā)生；出現(xiàn)；存在9.happen ['h?p(?)n]
vi.發(fā)生；碰巧；偶然遇到
10.complete [k?m'pli?t]
adj.完整的；完全的；徹底的;
vt.完成
11.finish ['f?n??]
vt.完成；結(jié)束；用完;
vi.結(jié)束，終止；終結(jié);
n.結(jié)束；完美；回味（葡萄酒）
12.eventually [?'vent???l?]
adv.最后，終于
13.finally ['fa?n?l?]
adv.最后；終于；決定性地
14.conversation [k?nv?'se??(?)n]
n.交談，會(huì)話；社交；交往，交際；會(huì)談；（人與計(jì)算機(jī)的）人機(jī)對(duì)話
15.talk [t??k]
vt.說(shuō)；談話；討論;vi.談話；說(shuō)閑話;
n.談話；演講；空談
16.attend [?'tend]
vt.出席；上（大學(xué)等）；照料；招待；陪伴;
vi.出席；致力于；照料；照顧
17.go to
v.轉(zhuǎn)到；定位
18.make up one's mind
v.下決心，決定
19.decide [d?'sa?d]
vt.決定；解決；判決;
vi.決定，下決心
20.now andthen
偶爾
21.occasionally [?'ke??(?)n(?)l?;?'ke??(?)n?l?;?'ke???n(?)l?]
adv.偶爾；間或
22.find fault with
挑剔；批評(píng)；抱怨
23.criticize ['kr?t?sa?z]
vt.批評(píng)；評(píng)論；非難;
vi.批評(píng)；評(píng)論；苛求
24.grasp [grɑ?sp]
n.抓??；理解；控制;
vt.抓??；領(lǐng)會(huì);
vi.抓
25.take hold of
v.握住
26.take into account
考慮；重視；體諒
27.take into consideration
顧及；考慮到……
28.tolerate ['t?l?re?t]
vt.忍受；默許；寬恕
29.put up with
v.忍受；容忍
30.abandon [?'b?nd(?)n]
n.狂熱；放任;
vt.遺棄；放棄
31.give up
放棄；交出
32.lately ['le?tl?]
adv.近來(lái)，不久前
33.recently ['ri?sntl?]
adv.最近；新近 34.manual ['m?nj?(?)l]
adj.手工的；體力的;
n.手冊(cè)，指南
35.physical ['f?z?k(?)l]
adj.[物] 物理的；身體的；物質(zhì)的;
n.體格檢查
36.harness ['hɑ?n?s]
vt.治理；套；駕馭；披上甲胄；利用;
n.馬具；甲胄；挽具狀帶子；降落傘背帶
37.utilise ['ju:tilaiz]
vt.使用（等于utilize）；利用
38.resident ['rez?d(?)nt]
adj.居住的；住院醫(yī)師；定居的;
n.居民
39.occupant ['?kj?p(?)nt]
n.居住者；占有者
40.steadily ['sted?l?]
adv.穩(wěn)定地；穩(wěn)固地；有規(guī)則地
41.continuously [k?n't?nj??sli]
adv.連續(xù)不斷地
42.remedy ['rem?d?]
vt.補(bǔ)救；治療；糾正;
n.補(bǔ)救；治療；賠償
43.cure [kj??;kj??]
vt.治療；治愈；使硫化；加工處理;
vi.治病；痊愈；受治療；被硫化；被加工處理;
n.治療；治愈；[臨床] 療法;
n.(Cure)人名；(羅)庫(kù)雷；(法)屈爾；(英)丘爾；(塞)楚雷
44.draft [drɑ?ft]
n.匯票；草稿；選派；（尤指房間、煙囪、爐子等供暖系統(tǒng)中的）（小股）氣流;
vt.起草；制定；征募;
vi.擬稿；繪樣；作草圖;
adj.初步畫(huà)出或（寫(xiě)出）的；（設(shè)計(jì)、草圖、提綱或版本）正在起草中的，草擬的；以草稿形式的；草圖的
45.formulate ['f??mj?le?t]
vt.規(guī)劃；用公式表示；明確地表達(dá)
46.practically ['pr?kt?k(?)l?]
adv.實(shí)際地；幾乎；事實(shí)上
47.almost ['??lm??st]
adv.差不多，幾乎
48.try [tra?]
vt.試圖，努力；試驗(yàn)；審判；考驗(yàn);
vi.嘗試；努力；試驗(yàn);
n.嘗試；努力；試驗(yàn);n.(Try)人名；(英、印尼)特里；(柬)德里
49.test [test]
n.試驗(yàn)；檢驗(yàn);
vt.試驗(yàn)；測(cè)試;
vi.試驗(yàn)；測(cè)試;
n.(Test)人名；(英)特斯特
50.rarely ['re?l?]
adv.很少地；難得；罕有地
51.seldom ['seld?m]
adv.很少，不常
52.readily ['red?l?]
adv.容易地；樂(lè)意地；無(wú)困難地
53.willingly ['w?l??l?]
adv.欣然地；愿意地，樂(lè)意地
54.extract [?ekstr?kt]
vt.提取；取出；摘錄；榨取;
n.汁；摘錄；榨出物；選粹
55.take out
v.取出；去掉；出發(fā)；發(fā)泄；把…帶出去；邀請(qǐng)（某人）外出；開(kāi)始
56.shine [?a?n]
vi.發(fā)出光；反射光，閃耀；出類(lèi)拔萃，表現(xiàn)突出；露出；照耀；顯露；出眾;
vt.照射，擦亮；把…的光投向；（口）通過(guò)擦拭使…變得有光澤或光;
n.光亮，光澤；好天氣；擦亮；晴天；擦皮鞋；鬼把戲或詭計(jì);
n.（英）夏因（人名）；（日）新榮（人名）
57.polish ['p?l??]
n.磨光，擦亮；擦亮劑；優(yōu)雅，精良;
vi.擦亮，變光滑;
vt.磨光，使發(fā)亮；使完美;改進(jìn);
v.磨光；修改；潤(rùn)色;
adj.波蘭的
58.decent ['di?s(?)nt]
adj.正派的；得體的；相當(dāng)好的59.honest ['?n?st]
adj.誠(chéng)實(shí)的，實(shí)在的；可靠的；坦率的60.deadly ['dedl?]
adj.致命的；非常的；死一般的;
adv.非常；如死一般地
61.fatal ['fe?t(?)l]
adj.致命的；重大的；毀滅性的；命中注定的;
n.(Fatal)人名；(葡、芬)法塔爾
62.insist on
堅(jiān)持，堅(jiān)決要求；督促，強(qiáng)調(diào)
63.demand [d?'mɑ?nd]
vt.要求；需要；查詢;vi.需要；請(qǐng)求；查問(wèn);
n.[經(jīng)] 需求；要求；需要;
n.(Demand)人名；(德)德曼德
64.harmful ['hɑ?mf?l;-f(?)l]
adj.有害的；能造成損害的65.speed [spi?d]
vi.超速，加速；加速，迅速前行；興隆;
n.速度，速率；迅速，快速；昌盛，繁榮;
vt.加快…的速度；使成功，使繁榮;
n.(Speed)人名；(英)斯皮德
66.velocity [v??l?s?ti]
n.速率，速度；周轉(zhuǎn)率；迅速；高速，快速
67.physician [f?'z??(?)n]
n.[醫(yī)] 醫(yī)師；內(nèi)科醫(yī)師
68.particularly [p?'t?kj?l?l?]
adv.特別地，獨(dú)特地；詳細(xì)地，具體地；明確地，細(xì)致地
69.especially [?'spe?(?)l?;e-]
adv.特別；尤其；格外
70.safe [se?f]
adj.安全的；可靠的；平安的;
n.保險(xiǎn)箱；冷藏室；紗櫥;
n.(Safe)人名；(幾)薩菲
71.secure [s?'kj??;s?'kj??]
adj.安全的；無(wú)慮的；有把握的；穩(wěn)當(dāng)?shù)?
vt.保護(hù)；弄到；招致；縛住;
vi.獲得安全；船拋錨；停止工作
72.branch [brɑ?n(t)?]
vt.分支；出現(xiàn)分歧;
vi.分支；出現(xiàn)分歧;
n.樹(shù)枝，分枝；分部；支流;
n.(Branch)人名；(英)布蘭奇
73.division [d?'v??(?)n]
n.[數(shù)] 除法；部門(mén)；分割；師（軍隊(duì)）；賽區(qū)
74.abnormal [?b'n??ml]
adj.反常的，不規(guī)則的；變態(tài)的75.unusual [?n'ju????l]
adj.不尋常的；與眾不同的；不平常的76.abundant [?'b?nd(?)nt]
adj.豐富的；充裕的；盛產(chǎn)
77.plentiful ['plent?f?l;-f(?)l]
adj.豐富的；許多的；豐饒的78.accelerate [?k'sel?re?t]
vt.使……加快；使……增速;
vi.加速；促進(jìn)；增加 79.step up
提高；增加；走近
80.accumulate [?'kju?mj?le?t]
vi.累積；積聚;
vt.積攢
81.collect [k?'lekt]
vt.收集；募捐;
vi.收集；聚集；募捐;
adv.由收件人付款地;
adj.由收件人付款的;
n.(Collect)人名；(英)科萊克特
82.allocate ['?l?ke?t]
vt.分配；撥出；使坐落于;
vi.分配；指定
83.assign [?'sa?n]
vt.分配；指派；[計(jì)][數(shù)] 賦值;
vi.將財(cái)產(chǎn)過(guò)戶（尤指過(guò)戶給債權(quán)人）
84.childish ['t?a?ld??]
adj.幼稚的，孩子氣的
85.immature [,?m?'tj??;,?m?'tj??]
adj.不成熟的；未成熟的；粗糙的86.barren ['b?r(?)n]
adj.貧瘠的；不生育的；無(wú)益的；沉悶無(wú)趣的；空洞的;
n.荒地;
n.(Barren)人名；(西、英)巴倫
87.BARE [be?]
adj.空的；赤裸的，無(wú)遮蔽的;
vt.露出，使赤裸;
n.(Bare)人名；(英)貝爾
88.APPALLING [?'p??l??]
adj.可怕的；令人震驚的;
v.使驚愕；驚嚇（appal的ing形式）
89.DREADFUL ['dredf?l;-f(?)l]
adj.可怕的；糟透的，令人不快的90.ANYHOW ['en?ha?]
adv.總之；無(wú)論如何；不管怎樣
91.ANYWAY ['en?we?]
adv.無(wú)論如何，不管怎樣；總之
92.ATTAIN [?'te?n]
vt.達(dá)到，實(shí)現(xiàn)；獲得；到達(dá);
vi.達(dá)到；獲得；到達(dá);
n.成就
93.ACHIEVE [?'t?i?v]
vt.達(dá)到；完成;vi.達(dá)到目的；如愿以償
94.CAPABILITY [ke?p?'b?l?t?]
n.才能，能力；性能，容量
95.ability [?'b?l?t?]
n.能力，能耐；才能
96.IN CONJUNCTION
互相協(xié)調(diào)
97.together with
和；連同
98.credible ['kred?b(?)l]
adj.可靠的，可信的
99.CONVINCING [k?n'v?ns??]
adj.令人信服的；有說(shuō)服力的;
v.使相信；使明白（convince的現(xiàn)在分詞）
100.DILIGENT ['d?l?d?(?)nt]
adj.勤勉的；用功的，費(fèi)盡心血的;
n.(Diligent)人名；(法)迪利讓
101.HARDWORKING ['hɑ?d,w??k??]
adj.努力工作的；不辭辛勞的，苦干的;
v.努力工作（hardwork的ing形式）
102.DIVERSE [da?'v??s;'da?v??s]
adj.不同的；多種多樣的；變化多的103.VARIED ['ve?r?d]
adj.多變的；各式各樣的；雜色的;
v.改變；使多樣化（vary的過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞形式）
104.FAULTY ['f??lt?;'f?lt?]
adj.有錯(cuò)誤的；有缺點(diǎn)的105.WRONG [r??]
adv.錯(cuò)誤地；邪惡的，不正當(dāng)?shù)?
n.壞事；不公正;
adj.錯(cuò)誤的；失常的；不適當(dāng)?shù)?
vt.委屈；無(wú)理地對(duì)待；誹謗;
n.(Wrong)人名；(英)朗
106.GORGEOUS ['g??d??s]
adj.華麗的，燦爛的；極好的107.MAGNIFICENT [m?g'n?f?s(?)nt]
adj.高尚的；壯麗的；華麗的；宏偉的108.PERSIST [p?'s?st]
vi.存留，堅(jiān)持；持續(xù)，固執(zhí);
vt.堅(jiān)持說(shuō)，反復(fù)說(shuō)
109.CONTINUE [k?n't?nju?]
vi.繼續(xù)，延續(xù)；仍舊，連續(xù);
vt.繼續(xù)說(shuō)…；使…繼續(xù)；使…延長(zhǎng)
110.REGULATE ['regj?le?t] vt.調(diào)節(jié)，規(guī)定；控制；校準(zhǔn)；有系統(tǒng)的管理
111.CONTROL [k?n'tr??l]
n.控制；管理；抑制；操縱裝置;
vt.控制；管理；抑制
112.SEPARATE ['sep(?)re?t]
vt.使分離；使分開(kāi)；使分居;
vi.分開(kāi)；隔開(kāi)；分居;
adj.單獨(dú)的；分開(kāi)的;
n.分開(kāi)；抽印本
113.STANDPOINT ['st?n(d)p??nt]
n.立場(chǎng)；觀點(diǎn)
114.point of view
觀點(diǎn)；見(jiàn)地；立場(chǎng)
115.touching ['t?t???]
adj.動(dòng)人的，令人同情的;
prep.至于，關(guān)于;
v.接觸；感動(dòng)（touch的ing形式）
116.MOVING ['mu?v??]
adj.移動(dòng)的；動(dòng)人的；活動(dòng)的;
v.移動(dòng)（move的ing形式）
117.immense [?'mens]
adj.巨大的，廣大的；無(wú)邊無(wú)際的；非常好的118.phone [f??n]
n.電話；耳機(jī)，聽(tīng)筒
vt.打電話
vi.打電話
119.enormous [?'n??m?s]
adj.龐大的，巨大的；兇暴的，極惡的120.build up
增進(jìn)，加強(qiáng)
121.overtake [??v?'te?k]
vt.趕上；壓倒；突然來(lái)襲;
vi.超車(chē)
122.pass [pɑ?s]
n.及格；經(jīng)過(guò)；護(hù)照；途徑；傳球;
vi.經(jīng)過(guò)；傳遞；變化；終止;
vt.通過(guò)；經(jīng)過(guò)；傳遞;
n.(Pass)人名；(英、法、德、俄)帕斯
123.advisable [?d'va?z?b(?)l]
adj.明智的，可取的，適當(dāng)?shù)?24.wise [wa?z]
adj.明智的；聰明的；博學(xué)的;
vt.使知道；教導(dǎo);
vi.了解;n.(Wise)人名；(英)懷斯
125.puzzle ['p?z(?)l]
vt.使…困惑；使…為難；苦思而得出;
vi.迷惑；冥思苦想;
n.謎；難題；迷惑
126.mystery ['m?st(?)r?]
n.秘密，謎；神秘，神秘的事物；推理小說(shuō)，推理??；常作 mysteries 秘技，秘訣
127.exhibit [?g'z?b?t;eg-]
vt.展覽；顯示；提出（證據(jù)等）;
n.展覽品；證據(jù)；展示會(huì);
vi.展出；開(kāi)展覽會(huì)
128.show [???]
vt.顯示；說(shuō)明；演出；展出;
vi.顯示；說(shuō)明；指示;
n.顯示；表演；炫耀;
n.(Show)人名；(中)邵(普通話·威妥瑪)；(英)肖
129.eternal [?'t??n(?)l;i?-]
adj.永恒的；不朽的
130.everlasting [ev?'lɑ?st??]
adj.永恒的；接連不斷的131.depict [d?'p?kt]
vt.描述；描畫(huà)
132.describe [d?'skra?b]
vt.描述，形容；描繪
133.operative ['?p(?)r?t?v]
adj.有效的；運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)著的；從事生產(chǎn)勞動(dòng)的;
n.偵探；技工
134.work [w??k]
n.工作；[物] 功；產(chǎn)品；操作；職業(yè)；行為；事業(yè)；工廠；著作；文學(xué)、音樂(lè)或藝術(shù)作品;
vt.使工作；操作；經(jīng)營(yíng)；使緩慢前進(jìn);
vi.工作；運(yùn)作；起作用;
n.（英、埃塞）沃克（人名）
135.wreck [rek]
n.破壞；失事；殘骸；失去健康的人;
vt.破壞；使失事；拆毀;
vi.失事；營(yíng)救失事船只
136.damage ['d?m?d?]
vi.損害；損毀；賠償金;
n.損害；損毀;
vt.損害，毀壞
137.include [?n'klu?d]
vt.包含，包括
138.embody [?m'b?d?;em-] vt.體現(xiàn)，使具體化；具體表達(dá);
n.(Embody)人名；(英)恩博迪
139.prevent [pr?'vent]
vt.預(yù)防，防止；阻止;
vi.妨礙，阻止
140.sensational [sen'se??(?)n(?)l]
adj.轟動(dòng)的；聳人聽(tīng)聞的；非常好的；使人感動(dòng)的141.exciting [?k'sa?t??;ek-]
adj.令人興奮的；使人激動(dòng)的;
v.激動(dòng)；刺激（excite的ing形式）；喚起
142.stroll [str??l]
n.漫步；閑逛；巡回演出;
vi.散步；閑逛；巡回演出;
vt.散步；閑逛
143.walk [w??k]
n.步行，走；散步;
vt.散步；走過(guò);
vi.走，步行；散步;
n.(Walk)人名；(德、葡)瓦爾克；(英)沃克
144.annoying [?'n????]
adj.討厭的；惱人的;
v.騷擾（annoy的ing形式）
145.irritating ['?r?te?t??]
adj.刺激的；氣人的；使憤怒的;
v.刺激（irritate的ing形式）；激怒
146.deliberately [d?'l?b?r?tli]
adv.故意地；謹(jǐn)慎地；慎重地
147.intentionally [?n't?n??nli]
adv.故意地，有意地
148.vague [ve?g]
adj.模糊的；含糊的；不明確的；曖昧的;
n.(Vague)人名；(法)瓦格；(英)韋格
149.imprecise [?mpr?'sa?s]
adj.不精確的；不嚴(yán)密的；不確切的150.summit ['s?m?t]
n.頂點(diǎn)；最高級(jí)會(huì)議；最高階層;
adj.最高級(jí)的；政府首腦的151.top of the mountain
攀上山頭
152.the top of the mountain
山頂
153.census ['sens?s]
vt.實(shí)施統(tǒng)計(jì)調(diào)查;
n.人口普查，人口調(diào)查 154.count [ka?nt]
vt.計(jì)算；認(rèn)為;
vi.計(jì)數(shù)；有價(jià)值;
n.計(jì)數(shù)；計(jì)算；伯爵;
n.(Count)人名；(法、德、南非)伯爵(歐洲貴族頭銜)，康特(人名)
155.duplicate [?dju?pl?ke?t]
vt.復(fù)制；使加倍;
n.副本；復(fù)制品;
adj.復(fù)制的；二重的;
vi.復(fù)制；重復(fù)
156.copy ['k?p?]
vi.復(fù)制；復(fù)??；抄襲;
vt.復(fù)制；復(fù)??；抄襲;
n.副本；一冊(cè)；摹仿
157.ban [b?n]
vt.禁止，取締;
n.禁令，禁忌;
n.(Ban)人名；(日)蕃(名)；(緬、老、柬)班；(東南亞國(guó)家華語(yǔ))萬(wàn)；(法)邦；(中)餅(廣東話·威妥瑪)；(德、塞、羅、阿拉伯)巴恩；(英)班恩
158.forbid [f?'b?d]
vt.禁止；妨礙，阻止
159.lawful ['l??f?l;-f(?)l]
adj.合法的；法定的；法律許可的160.legal ['li?g(?)l]
adj.法律的；合法的；法定的;
n.(Legal)人名；(法)勒加爾
161.mock [m?k]
vt.嘲弄；模仿；使…失望；使…無(wú)效;
vi.嘲弄，嘲笑;
n.嘲弄；仿制品；嘲笑對(duì)象;
adj.模擬的；假裝的；偽造的;
adv.虛偽地;
n.(Mock)人名；(德、英、法、西、芬)莫克
162.laugh at
嘲笑；因…而發(fā)笑
163.motive ['m??t?v]
n.動(dòng)機(jī)，目的；主題;
adj.發(fā)動(dòng)的；成為動(dòng)機(jī)的;
vt.使產(chǎn)生動(dòng)機(jī)，激起
164.reason ['ri?z(?)n]
n.理由；理性；動(dòng)機(jī);
vi.推論；勸說(shuō);
vt.說(shuō)服；推論；辯論;
n.(Reason)人名；(英)里森 165.notably ['n??t?bl?]
adv.顯著地；尤其
166.omit [?(?)'m?t]
vt.省略；遺漏；刪除；疏忽
167.fail [fe?l]
vi.失敗，不及格；破產(chǎn)；缺乏；衰退;
vt.不及格；使失望；忘記；舍棄;
n.不及格;
n.(Fail)人名；(葡、捷)法伊爾；(法)法伊
168.orthodox ['??θ?d?ks]
adj.正統(tǒng)的；傳統(tǒng)的；慣常的；東正教的;
n.正統(tǒng)的人；正統(tǒng)的事物
169.conventional [k?n'ven?(?)n(?)l]
adj.符合習(xí)俗的，傳統(tǒng)的；常見(jiàn)的；慣例的170.outrageous [a?t're?d??s]
adj.粗暴的；可惡的；令人吃驚的171.unacceptable [?n?k'sept?b(?)l]
adj.不能接受的；不受歡迎的172.scared [ske?d]
adj.害怕的;
v.使害怕（scare的過(guò)去分詞）
173.frightened ['fra?tnd]
adj.害怕的；受驚的；受恐嚇的;
v.害怕；使吃驚；嚇走（frighten的過(guò)去分詞）
174.hail [he?l]
n.冰雹；致敬；招呼；一陣;
vt.致敬；招呼；向...歡呼；猛發(fā)；使象下雹樣落下（過(guò)去式hailed，過(guò)去分詞hailed，現(xiàn)在分詞hailing，第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)hails）;
vi.招呼；下雹;
int.萬(wàn)歲；歡迎;
n.(Hail)人名；(阿拉伯、捷)海爾
175.acclaim [?'kle?m]
vt.稱(chēng)贊；為…喝采，向…歡呼;
n.歡呼，喝彩；稱(chēng)贊;
vi.歡呼，喝采
176.principal ['pr?ns?p(?)l]
adj.主要的；資本的;
n.首長(zhǎng)；校長(zhǎng)；資本；當(dāng)事人
177.principal organizer 178.planner ['pl?n?]
n.計(jì)劃者，規(guī)劃師;
n.(Planner)人名；(德、捷)普蘭納
179.postulate ['p?stj?le?t]
vt.假定；要求；視…為理所當(dāng)然;n.基本條件；假定
180.assume [?'sju?m]
vt.承擔(dān)；假定；采?。怀尸F(xiàn);
vi.裝腔作勢(shì)；多管閑事
181.extinction [?k'st??(k)?(?)n;ek-]
n.消失；消滅；廢止
182.die out
滅絕；消失
183.abrupt [?'br?pt]
adj.生硬的；突然的；唐突的；陡峭的184.sudden ['s?d(?)n]
adj.突然的，意外的；快速的;
n.突然發(fā)生的事
185.distribute [d?'str?bju?t;'d?str?bju?t]
vt.分配；散布；分開(kāi)；把…分類(lèi)
186.mighty ['ma?t?]
adj.有力的；強(qiáng)有力的；有勢(shì)力的;
adv.很；極；非常;
n.有勢(shì)力的人
187.strong [str??]
adj.堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的；強(qiáng)壯的；牢固的；擅長(zhǎng)的;
adv.強(qiáng)勁地；猛烈地;
n.(Strong)人名；(英)斯特朗
188.authentic [??'θent?k]
adj.真正的，真實(shí)的；可信的189.genuine ['d?enj??n]
adj.真實(shí)的，真正的；誠(chéng)懇的190.eligible ['el?d??b(?)l]
adj.合格的，合適的；符合條件的；有資格當(dāng)選的;
n.合格者；適任者；有資格者
191.entitle [?n'ta?t(?)l;en-]
vt.稱(chēng)做…；定名為…；給…稱(chēng)號(hào)；使…有權(quán)利
192.asserted [?'s?t?d]
adj.宣稱(chēng)的；聲稱(chēng)的;
v.宣稱(chēng)；聲稱(chēng)（assert的過(guò)去分詞）
193.stated firmly
宣稱(chēng)的的
194.permit [p?'m?t]
vi.許可；允許;
vt.許可；允許;
n.許可證，執(zhí)照
195.allow [?'la?]
vt.允許；給予；認(rèn)可;
vi.容許；考慮 196.propose [pr?'p??z]
vt.建議；打算，計(jì)劃；求婚;
vi.建議；求婚；打算
197.suggest [s?'d?est]
vt.提議，建議；啟發(fā)；使人想起；顯示；暗示
198.regret [r?'gret]
n.遺憾；抱歉；悲嘆;
vt.后悔；惋惜；哀悼;
vi.感到后悔；感到抱歉
199.sorry ['s?r?]
adj.遺憾的；對(duì)不起的，抱歉的;
int.對(duì)不起，抱歉（表示委婉的拒絕等）
200.rely on
依靠，依賴(lài)
201.depend [d?'pend]
vi.依賴(lài)，依靠；取決于；相信，信賴(lài)
202.remove [r?'mu?v]
vt.移動(dòng)，遷移；開(kāi)除；調(diào)動(dòng);
vi.移動(dòng)，遷移；搬家;
n.移動(dòng)；距離；搬家
203.take off
起飛；脫下；離開(kāi)
204.improved [?m'pr?vd]
adj.改良的；改進(jìn)過(guò)的;
v.改進(jìn)；增加（improve的過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞）；變得更好
205.better ['bet?]
n.長(zhǎng)輩；較好者；打賭的人（等于bettor）;
adv.更好的；更多的；較大程度地;
adj.較好的;
vt.改善；勝過(guò);
vi.變得較好;
n.(Better)人名；(西、瑞典、德)貝特爾
206.break [bre?k]
v.打破；折斷；弄壞；削弱;
vt.（使）破；打破（紀(jì)錄）；（常指好天氣）突變；開(kāi)始;
vi.（嗓音）突變；突破；破曉；（價(jià)格）突然下跌;
n.破裂；間斷；（持續(xù)一段時(shí)間的狀況的）改變；間歇;
n.(Break)人名；(英)布雷克
207.beat [bi?t]
vt.打；打敗;
vi.打；打敗；拍打；有節(jié)奏地舒張與收縮;
n.拍子；敲擊；有規(guī)律的一連串敲打;
adj.筋疲力盡的；疲憊不堪的;
n.(Beat)人名；(德)貝亞特 208.provoke [pr?'v??k]
vt.驅(qū)使；激怒；煽動(dòng)；惹起
209.elicit [?'l?s?t]
vt.抽出，引出；引起
210.gangster ['g??st?]
n.歹徒，流氓；惡棍
211.violent criminal
暴力犯
212.framework ['fre?mw??k]
n.框架，骨架；結(jié)構(gòu)，構(gòu)架
213.skeleton ['skel?t(?)n]
n.骨架，骨骼；綱要；骨瘦如柴的人;
adj.骨骼的；骨瘦如柴的；概略的214.hazard ['h?z?d]
vt.賭運(yùn)氣；冒…的危險(xiǎn)，使遭受危險(xiǎn);
n.危險(xiǎn)，冒險(xiǎn)；冒險(xiǎn)的事;
n.(Hazard)人名；(法)阿扎爾；(英)哈澤德
215.danger ['de?n(d)??]
n.危險(xiǎn)；危險(xiǎn)物，威脅;
n.(Danger)人名；(法)當(dāng)熱
216.lure [l(j)??]
n.誘惑；餌；誘惑物;
vt.誘惑；引誘;
n.(Lure)人名；(英)盧爾
217.attraction [?'tr?k?(?)n]
n.吸引，吸引力；引力；吸引人的事物
218.densely ['d?nsli]
adv.濃密地；密集地
219.compactly [k?m'p?ktli]
adv.簡(jiǎn)潔地；緊密地；細(xì)密地
220.fascinate ['f?s?ne?t]
vt.使著迷，使神魂顛倒;
vi.入迷
221.intrigue [?n'tri?g]
n.陰謀；詭計(jì)；復(fù)雜的事；私通;
vt.用詭計(jì)取得；激起...的興趣;
vi.私通；密謀
222.probe [pr??b]
n.探針；調(diào)查;
vi.調(diào)查；探測(cè);
vt.探查；用探針探測(cè);
n.(Probe)人名；(法)普羅布
223.explore [?k'spl??;ek-]
vt.探索；探測(cè)；探險(xiǎn);vi.探索；探測(cè)；探險(xiǎn)
224.settle ['set(?)l]
vi.解決；定居；沉淀；下陷;
vt.解決；安排；使…定居;
n.有背長(zhǎng)椅;
n.(Settle)人名；(英)塞特爾
225.solve [s?lv]
vt.解決；解答；溶解;
vi.作解答
226.tremble ['tremb(?)l]
vi.發(fā)抖；戰(zhàn)栗；焦慮；搖晃;
vt.使揮動(dòng)；用顫抖的聲音說(shuō)出;
n.顫抖；戰(zhàn)栗；搖晃
227.shake [?e?k]
vt.動(dòng)搖；搖動(dòng)；震動(dòng)；握手;
vi.動(dòng)搖；搖動(dòng)；發(fā)抖;
n.搖動(dòng)；哆嗦
228.shocked [??kt]
adj.震驚的；震撼的;
v.使震動(dòng)（shock的過(guò)去式）
229.surprised [s?'pra?zd]
adj.感到驚訝的，出人意料的;
v.使驚奇（surprise的過(guò)去分詞形式）
230.stick to
v.堅(jiān)持；粘住
231.widen ['wa?d(?)n]
vt.放寬;
vi.變寬;
n.(Widen)人名；(德)維登
232.broaden ['br??d(?)n]
vi.擴(kuò)大，變闊；變寬，加寬;
vt.使擴(kuò)大；使變寬
233.shabby ['??b?]
adj.破舊的；卑鄙的；吝嗇的；低劣的234.unfair [?n'fe?]
adj.不公平的，不公正的235.uneasy [?n'i?z?]
adj.不舒服的；心神不安的；不穩(wěn)定的236.anxious ['??(k)??s]
adj.焦慮的；擔(dān)憂的；渴望的；急切的237.demolish [d?'m?l??]
vt.拆除；破壞；毀壞；推翻；駁倒
238.pulldown ['p?l,da?n]
adj.折疊式的 239.adverse ['?dv??s]
adj.不利的；相反的；敵對(duì)的（名詞adverseness，副詞adversely）
240.unfavorable [?n'fevr?bl]
adj.不宜的；令人不快的；不順利的241.concise [k?n'sa?s]
adj.簡(jiǎn)明的，簡(jiǎn)潔的
242.compendious [k?m'pend??s]
adj.簡(jiǎn)明的，摘要的；簡(jiǎn)練的243.courteous ['k??tj?s]
adj.有禮貌的；謙恭的
244.respectful [r?'spek(t)f?l;-f(?)l]
adj.恭敬的；有禮貌的
245.invaluable [?n'v?lj?(?)b(?)l]
adj.無(wú)價(jià)的；非常貴重的246.extremely useful
非常有用
247.insane [?n'se?n]
adj.瘋狂的；精神病的；極愚蠢的248.crazy ['kre?z?]
adj.瘋狂的；狂熱的，著迷的249.ingenuous [?n'd?enj??s]
adj.天真的；坦白的；正直的；樸實(shí)的250.original [?'r?d??n(?)l;?-]
n.原件；原作；原物；原型;
adj.原始的；最初的；獨(dú)創(chuàng)的；新穎的251.vigorous ['v?g(?)r?s]
adj.有力的；精力充沛的252.healthy ['helθ?]
adj.健康的，健全的；有益于健康的
253.abide by
遵守；信守；承擔(dān)…的后果
254.bias ['ba??s]
n.偏見(jiàn)；偏愛(ài)；斜紋；乖離率;
vt.使存偏見(jiàn);
adj.偏斜的;
adv.偏斜地;
n.(Bias)人名；(法、德、葡、喀)比亞斯；(英)拜厄斯
255.terminate ['t??m?ne?t]
vt.使終止；使結(jié)束；解雇;
vi.結(jié)束，終止；結(jié)果;
adj.結(jié)束的256.put an end to
結(jié)束；終止
第二篇：中石化2011職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)教材(綜合)
1.How to be Happy如何獲得幸福
In the past two weeks we have looked at the happiness formula defined by positive psychologist Martin Seligman, where H(happiness)= S(your biological set point for feeling happy)+ C(the conditions of your life)+ V(the voluntary choices you make).Next, we'll look at the conditions in life that can improve our happiness quotient.過(guò)去兩周我們研究了一項(xiàng)幸福公式，這是由樂(lè)觀心理學(xué)家馬丁塞利格曼定義的。H(幸福)=S(個(gè)人生理幸福感受的固定指數(shù))+C(個(gè)人生活狀態(tài))+V(個(gè)人主觀選擇)。接下來(lái)我們將著眼于能提升幸福指數(shù)的生活狀態(tài)。
Step 1: Peace and quiet第一步：平和寧?kù)o
Jonathon Haidt in his excellent book, 'The Happiness Hypothesis', notes that research shows that we can never completely adapt to new or chronic noise pollution.喬納森海迪在他的優(yōu)秀著作《幸福假說(shuō)》當(dāng)中提到，研究調(diào)查顯示，我們不可能完全適應(yīng)噪音污染，無(wú)論是新近的還是長(zhǎng)期的。
Loud noises trigger one of our most primitive fear responses(the other is the fear of falling)and we can never fully relax if we are surrounded by intrusive noise.巨大噪聲會(huì)引起我們某種面對(duì)恐懼本能反映(另一種是對(duì)于墜落的恐懼)，如果周遭噪音喧鬧，我們不可能完全放松。
Noisy neighbours are one of the most emotive causes of domestic upset for a very good reason.這樣看來(lái)，吵鬧的鄰居的確對(duì)我們家庭不和起到很大影響。
It is essential to have some peace and quiet every day.If you are unfortunate enough to live somewhere noisy, persist with complaining to your local council.每日保持平和寧?kù)o事關(guān)重要。如果你的生活環(huán)境不幸比較吵，請(qǐng)一定要堅(jiān)持去居委會(huì)投訴。
Additionally, try wearing wax earplugs to give you some respite.If you need your TV, radio or music up loud, wearing headphones demonstrates altruism to your neighbours, which will make you and them feel good.另外，試試實(shí)用耳塞，可能會(huì)緩解噪聲。如果你一定要大聲看電視、聽(tīng)收音機(jī)放音樂(lè)的話，記得戴上耳機(jī)。別影響鄰里，這樣可以使雙方都感到舒適。
Step 2: Relationships第二步：人際關(guān)系
This is the most important of all the external conditions that can improve your happiness quotient.這是增加幸福指數(shù)的一條至關(guān)重要的內(nèi)部條件。
Often our deepest sources of unhappiness are found in poor relationships with others.A colleague at work who bullies or dismisses us creates untold wretchedness.我們感到不快樂(lè)的最深層原因，往往就是人際關(guān)系欠佳。如果一個(gè)在職同事對(duì)我們表示威嚇的話，會(huì)造成難以言語(yǔ)的抑郁情緒。
A cruelly conflictual relationship with a partner or lover leaves us feeling betrayed and abandoned.與拍檔或者愛(ài)人的關(guān)系陷入殘酷競(jìng)爭(zhēng)之中，會(huì)讓我們感到背叛和背棄。
A relationship with our parents or children which is not based on compassionate, unconditional regard creates isolation and misery.We never fully adapt to hostile relationships, they invidiously contaminate our wellbeing, squatting inside our minds as unresolved, destructive ruminations.與父母孩子之間的關(guān)系缺乏同情心和無(wú)私關(guān)心，那么這會(huì)造成隔閡生產(chǎn)痛苦。我們不可能適應(yīng)這種敵對(duì)關(guān)系，這種不良的人際關(guān)系會(huì)損害身心健康，長(zhǎng)久留存在我們心里，會(huì)讓人陷入無(wú)以解決的惡性心理困境。
When faced with such relationships, the most positive thing we can do is to either mend the relationship by confronting what is going wrong or learn to move on.當(dāng)我們面臨這類(lèi)問(wèn)題時(shí)，最好的辦法，就是直面難題，挽救關(guān)系，或者學(xué)著繼續(xù)前進(jìn)。
Step 3: Share第三步：分享
If I have discovered conditions or choices in life that have significantly improved my wellbeing, I would like to share them with you.如果我發(fā)覺(jué)生活狀態(tài)或者做的某項(xiàng)決定對(duì)幸福生活有極大幫助的話，我很想說(shuō)出來(lái)同你們一起分享。
Passing on what works is essential to improve our own and the wellbeing of others.將有用的發(fā)現(xiàn)與更多人分享，這對(duì)增進(jìn)自己的幸福和他人的幸福都有積極作用。
閱讀理解【題目及參考答案】
1.What's the happiness formula according to the passage? The formula refer to H(happiness)= S(your biological set point for feeling happy)+ C(the conditions of your life)+ V(the voluntary choices you make)2.Why can we never completely adapt to new or chronic noise pollution? Loud noises trigger one of our most primitive fear responses and we can never fully relax if we are surrounded by intrusive noise.3.How could we make both ourselves and the neighbors feel good? If we need our TV, radio or music up loud，wearing headphones demonstrates our kindness and consideration to our neighbors．
4.Where does the unhappiness come from? Our unhappiness often comes from poor relationships with others． 5.What is the positive way to face with the cruelly conflictual relationship? What you call do is to either mend the relationship by confronting what is going wrong or learn to move on．
【練習(xí)題目及參考答案】 A．漢譯英
1．吵鬧的鄰居的確對(duì)我們家庭不和(domestic upset)有很大影響。Noisy neighbors are one of the major causes of domestic upset.2．在職場(chǎng)上，如果一個(gè)同事對(duì)我們表示威嚇的話，會(huì)造成難以言表的抑郁情緒(unwretchedness)。A colleague at work who bullies or dismisses us creates untold wretchedness．
3．我們不可能適應(yīng)這種敵對(duì)關(guān)系，這種不良的人際關(guān)系會(huì)損害身心健康。We can never fully adapt to hostile relationships，which inevitably damage our wellbeing.4．如果這種壞情緒長(zhǎng)時(shí)問(wèn)留在人們的心里，會(huì)讓人陷入無(wú)法解決的惡性心理困境。If this bad mood stays inside our mind，it will lead us to an unresolved destructive depression．
5．我們不應(yīng)當(dāng)回避這些問(wèn)題，而是要正確面對(duì)它們。We should not avoid these problems but face them instead.B．英譯漢
There are many benefits to being happy．Happier people tend to be healthier, live longer and earn more．They also tend to volunteer more，be better at relationships and smile more of what psychologists call “Duchenne” or genuine smiles．What is less well understood is why happiness is contagious．幸福有許多好處。越幸福的人往往越健康、越長(zhǎng)壽、掙的錢(qián)越多。他們通常也會(huì)從事更多的志愿工作、更善于處理人際關(guān)系、發(fā)出更多心理學(xué)家所說(shuō)的“杜興微笑”，即真誠(chéng)的微笑。我們了解不深的是，為什么幸?？梢詡魅?。
According to James Fowler and Nicholas Christakis，authors of the international bestseller Connected, people surrounded by many happy friends，family members and neighbours who are central to their social network become significantly happier in the future．More specifically，they say we will become 25 per cent happier with our life if a friend who lives within a mile of us becomes significantly happier with his or her life．全球暢銷(xiāo)書(shū)《關(guān)聯(lián)》餉作者詹姆斯?福勒和尼古拉斯?克里斯塔基斯發(fā)現(xiàn)，如果你身邊那些重要的人際網(wǎng)絡(luò)中有許多幸福的朋友、家人與鄰居，那么你將也會(huì)很幸福。他們表示，更準(zhǔn)確地說(shuō)，如果居住在離你1英里內(nèi)的一個(gè)朋友生活幸福感得到顯著提升，你的生活幸福感就會(huì)增加25％。
Similar effects are seen in co—resident spouses(8 per cent happier)；siblings who live within a-mile of each other(14 per cent)；and next-door neighbours(34 per cent)．What this implies is that the magnitude of happiness spread seems to depend more on frequent social contact(due to physical proximity)than on deep social connections．Alas, for some reason this doesn't translate to the workplace．具有同樣效果的還有同居配偶(幸福感提升8％)、居住在1英里之內(nèi)的兄弟姐妹(14％)和鄰居(34％)。這意味著，幸福傳播的強(qiáng)度似乎更取決于交往的頻繁度(與地域鄰近相關(guān))，而不是社會(huì)關(guān)系的深度?？上в捎谀撤N原因，這并不適用于工作場(chǎng)合。
So, why is happiness contagious? One reason may be that happy people share their good fortune with their friends and family(for example，by being pragmatically helpful or financially generous)．Another reason could be that happy people tend to change their behaviour for the better by being nicer or less hostile to those close to them．Or it could just be that positive emotions are highly contagious．那么，為什么幸福能夠傳染?一個(gè)原因或許是，幸福的人會(huì)與親朋好友分享好運(yùn)氣(例如，提供實(shí)際的幫助。或在經(jīng)濟(jì)上慷慨解囊)。另一個(gè)原因可能是，幸福的人往往會(huì)改善自己的行為，會(huì)對(duì)周?chē)娜烁佑押茫驕p少敵意。又或許只是因?yàn)檎媲榫w具有高度傳染性。
2.City Design城市設(shè)計(jì)
When I'm being driven through a city from our hotel to a conference center, I couldn't help but note the overwhelming presence of cars and parking lots.當(dāng)我從旅館乘車(chē)穿行城市前往會(huì)議中心時(shí)，映入眼簾的是無(wú)處不在的汽車(chē)和停車(chē)場(chǎng)。
The world's cities are in trouble.In hundreds of cities, the life of daily life is deteriorating.Breathing the air in some cities is equivalent to smoking two packs of cigarettes per day.全世界的城市都陷入了困境，數(shù)以百計(jì)的城市日常生活的質(zhì)量正繼不斷下降。在一些城市，每天呼吸空氣等于抽兩包香煙。
The number of hours commuters spend going nowhere sitting in traffic-congested streets and highways climbs higher each year, raising frustration levels.每天上班族驅(qū)車(chē)時(shí)因街道和道路堵塞而寸步難行，耽擱的時(shí)間逐年升高，郁悶也隨之加深。
In response to these conditions, we are seeing the emergence of a new urbanism.針對(duì)上述情況，我們可以看到一種新城市主義的理念正在興起。
In just a few years, many cities banned the parking of cars on sidewalks, created or renovated more parks, introduced a highly successful bus-based rapid transit system, built hundreds of kilometers of bicycle paths and pedestrian streets, reduced rush hour traffic, planted more trees, and involved local citizens directly in the improvement of their neighborhoods.在短短的幾年內(nèi)，許多城市的人行道上不再允許停車(chē)，新建和改造了更多的停車(chē)場(chǎng)，建立了一套以公共汽車(chē)為基礎(chǔ)的極為成功的快速運(yùn)行系統(tǒng)，興建了數(shù)百公里的自行車(chē)道和步行街，高峰時(shí)段的交通擁擠得以減緩，種植了更多的樹(shù)木，并吸收當(dāng)?shù)厥忻裰苯訁⑴c社區(qū)的改善工作。
The quality of urban life in these cities has been greatly enhanced with the vision of a city designed for people.城市設(shè)計(jì)以人為本的理念使這些城市的生活質(zhì)量有了很大的提高。
Now government planners everywhere are experimenting, seeking ways to design cities for people not cars.現(xiàn)在，各地政府的規(guī)劃者們都在嘗試尋找為了人而不是為汽車(chē)設(shè)計(jì)城市的方法。
Cars promise mobility.But in an urbanizing world there is an inherent conflict between the automobile and the city.汽車(chē)應(yīng)帶給人們活動(dòng)的便捷。但是在一個(gè)不斷城市化的世界里，存在著一個(gè)根深蒂固的矛盾，即汽車(chē)與城市之間的矛盾。
After a point, as their numbers multiply, automobiles provide not mobility but immobility.超過(guò)一個(gè)臨界點(diǎn)之后，隨著汽車(chē)數(shù)量的累加，汽車(chē)提供的不再是便捷，而是停滯。
Based on this perspective, some cities in industrial and developing countries alike will dramatically increasing urban mobility by moving away from the car.基于這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)，無(wú)論在發(fā)達(dá)的工業(yè)國(guó)家還是發(fā)展中國(guó)家，一些城市將會(huì)通過(guò)遠(yuǎn)離汽車(chē)來(lái)極大增加市區(qū)的通暢。
Let me remind you once more, cities are built for people, not for cars.讓我再次提醒你，城市是為了人，不是為了汽車(chē)而建設(shè)的。
A city full of cars is like what the horrifying sci-fi depicted-all mechanism and no human.In order to avoid this disaster, we'd better start designing sustainable cities.擠滿汽車(chē)的城市就像恐怖的科幻小說(shuō)里描繪的—全是機(jī)械沒(méi)有人性。為了避免這場(chǎng)災(zāi)難，我們最好開(kāi)始設(shè)計(jì)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的城市。
閱讀理解【題目及參考答案】
1.What means of transportation does the author take to the conference center?(He takes)a bus． 2.According to the first paragraph what is happening in cities where there are more cars? Cars not only do harm to people's health but also cause heavy traffic jam．
3.What does the last sentence “the vision of a city designed for people” in paragraph 2 mean? Design cities for people not(for)cars．
4.Why is there an inherent conflict between the automobile and the city in urban areas? Because people depend largely on cars．
5.How would a city look like if cars were everywhere? There would be all Cars(mechanism)no human． 【練習(xí)題目及參考答案】 A．漢譯英
1.隨著大量市民被迫遷到遙遠(yuǎn)的郊外，汽車(chē)的需求量正在飛漲。The demand for Cars is soaring as growing numbers of citizens are pushed into distant suburbs.2.生態(tài)城市將把傳統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)要素同最先進(jìn)的綠色技術(shù)相結(jié)合。The eco-city will combine elements of traditional design with the latest green technologies.3.預(yù)計(jì)到2010年將有一千輛燃料電池車(chē)（fuel-cell vehicles）投入使用，而到2012年將增至一萬(wàn)輛。One thousand fuel-cell vehicles will be estimated to put to use by 2010 and increase to 10,000 by 2012.4.如今，各地方政府幾乎無(wú)一不在探討有關(guān)生態(tài)農(nóng)村、生態(tài)城鎮(zhèn)或生態(tài)城市計(jì)劃的話題。These days, there is hardly a local government that does not talk about plans for an eco-village, town or even city.5.全世界大約一半的人口居住在城市，所以研究能緩解城市對(duì)環(huán)境影響的途徑勢(shì)在必行。It is fairly necessary to search for ways to reduce the environmental impact of cities because around half of the world's population is now city-dwellers(is now living in cities).B．英譯漢．
Once at a supermarket，I read a thought-provoking sign at the check—out counter.It said the store was using only plastic bags．The supermarket claimed that the energy and exhaust fumes expelled to produce and transport the same number of paper bags outweighed the fact that plastic wasn't biodegradable：Paper bags take up more space and require more trucks for transport，SO the store．Believed it was lessening its carbon footprint by using plastic．It got me thinking further．Why not ask for plastic and bring your used plastic bags each time you visit the grocery store? If you use them five or six times，or until they start falling apart，you have really done a good thing．You can also use them to line your small wastebaskets．Instead of purchasing plastic trash bags．有一次在一家超市的收銀處，我看到了一則發(fā)人深思的廣告，上面寫(xiě)著：本店只用塑料袋。超市聲稱(chēng)：事實(shí)上生產(chǎn)和運(yùn)輸同量紙袋所消耗的能源和所排放的廢氣的危害大大超過(guò)塑料袋不能進(jìn)行生物降解的危害。而且紙袋占用的空間更大，需要更多的卡車(chē)運(yùn)送。因此，超市認(rèn)為使用塑料袋可以減少碳足跡。該告示促使我作了進(jìn)一步的思考。為什么使用了塑料袋后，不能每次再去雜貨店時(shí)帶上重復(fù)使用呢?如果能用上五六次，或者用到破了為止，你豈不是做了一件大好事。你也可以把塑料袋鋪在小垃圾筐里盛垃圾，而不用再買(mǎi)垃圾專(zhuān)用塑料袋。
3.Population人口
A very important world problem is the increasing number of people who actually inhabit this planet.在我們這個(gè)星球上居住的人越來(lái)越多，是一個(gè)很重要的全球問(wèn)題。
The limited amount of land and land resources will soon be unable to support the huge population if it continues to grow at its present rate.如果繼續(xù)按照現(xiàn)有的增長(zhǎng)率發(fā)展下去，那么有限的土地及土地資源很快不能養(yǎng)活這么巨大的人口。
So why is this huge increase in population taking place? It is really due to the spread of the knowledge and practice of what is becoming known as “Death Control”.那么為什么會(huì)出現(xiàn)人口的大量增長(zhǎng)呢?這的確是因?yàn)橹R(shí)的廣泛傳播和眾所周知的“死亡控制”的結(jié)果。
You have no doubt heard of the term “Birth Control”its nonrenewable fossil fuels and other mineral deposits that took millions of years to form but which are now being destroyed in decades.但是，我們并沒(méi)有這樣做!反而我們正在消耗它的“本錢(qián)”——其不可再生的化石燃料與其它礦藏，它們是在幾百萬(wàn)年的時(shí)間里才形成的，然而現(xiàn)在，幾十年內(nèi)就會(huì)被消耗殆盡。
We are also doing the same with other vital resources not usually thought of as being nonrenewable, such as fertile soils, groundwater and the millions of other species that share earth with us.我們對(duì)待其它通常不被看做是不可再生的重要自然資源也是如此，譬如肥沃的土地、地下水和千百萬(wàn)與我們共同居住在地球上的物種。
閱讀理解【題目及參考答案】
1．What can be learnt about the population growth at present? It continues to increase／grow at its present rate．
2．According to the article, what contributes to the population increase? Death Control 3．What is the doctors' job according to paragraph 2? They keep people who suffer from incurable diseases alive．
4．Why isn't there enough land to support human beings? Because the world's land has already been taken up occupied by the ever-increasing population．
5．In paragraph 4 the fertile soils are considered as_____.nonrenewable 【練習(xí)題目及參考答案】 A．漢譯英
1.亞洲大陸面積占世界陸地面積的29％。Asia makes up twenty-nine per cent of the world's land area． 2.人口的增加使土地必須生產(chǎn)更多的糧食。The increasing population makes it necessary for the earth to produce more grain．
3.我們應(yīng)該先進(jìn)行抽樣調(diào)查再寫(xiě)報(bào)告。We should conduct a sampling investigation before we write the report.4.我承認(rèn)我在工作中因缺乏經(jīng)驗(yàn)犯過(guò)這樣那樣的錯(cuò)誤。I admit that due to lack of experience I have made mistakes of all kinds．
5.中國(guó)的現(xiàn)代化工業(yè)和商品經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，促進(jìn)了職業(yè)流動(dòng)和人口流動(dòng)。The development of modem industry and commodity economy in China has promoted occupational(mobility)and population mobility．
B．英譯漢 A report，based on United Nations projections showing slow, steady growth of economies and populations，suggests that by mid-century, humanity's demand on nature will be twice the biosphere's productive capacity．At this level of ecological deficit，exhaustion of ecological assets and large-scale ecosystem collapse will become real．一份以聯(lián)合國(guó)所作的經(jīng)濟(jì)和火口緩慢增長(zhǎng)的預(yù)期為基礎(chǔ)的報(bào)告顯示。到本世紀(jì)中葉，人類(lèi)對(duì)自然界的需求將達(dá)到生態(tài)圈自身生產(chǎn)能力的兩倍。在這樣的生態(tài)“赤字”水平下，生態(tài)資源的枯竭和大規(guī)模的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)崩潰將會(huì)成為事實(shí)。
Moving towards sustainability depends on significant action now．Population size changes slowly, and human-made capitalvibrations and other physical sensations that are now used, for instance, to let a gamer know she's reached a new level, but that can also be used to communicate emotions and may soon give a touch-screen keyboard the feel of a physical keyboard.其它開(kāi)發(fā)人員正在研究“觸覺(jué)”反饋的升級(jí)技術(shù)，它們不但可用來(lái)提醒游戲玩家已經(jīng)過(guò)關(guān)，也可以用來(lái)進(jìn)行感情交流，并且有可能很快就能使觸摸屏具有真空鍵盤(pán)的觸覺(jué)。
And for those who still prefer to work with keys on their phones, even some traditional keyboards will perform certain functions in response to touch commands.對(duì)于那些更喜歡使用手機(jī)鍵盤(pán)的人來(lái)說(shuō)，即便傳統(tǒng)的鍵盤(pán)也將能發(fā)揮與觸摸指令相對(duì)應(yīng)的功能。
Software developers set to work on multi-touch applications.Some, for instance, allow users to play virtual musical instruments on the phone.But multi-touch developers have largely focused on games.軟件開(kāi)發(fā)人員開(kāi)始研發(fā)多觸摸應(yīng)用軟件。例如，有些軟件可以使用戶在電話上彈奏虛擬樂(lè)器。但是，多觸點(diǎn)開(kāi)發(fā)人員主要以開(kāi)發(fā)游戲?yàn)橹鳌?/p>
Haptic technology already has many non-mobile applications.In videogames, for instance, it can give gamers the sensation of actually steering a car they're controlling on the screen.觸覺(jué)技術(shù)已經(jīng)在非移動(dòng)領(lǐng)域得到了廣泛應(yīng)用。例如，在視頻游戲當(dāng)中，它可以讓游戲玩家感到自己好像真的在駕駛他們所控制的熒屏賽車(chē)。
In medical training, it can make procedures like endoscopy performed on a simulator feel real, so that medical personnel can develop a better sense of how to perform them.在醫(yī)療培訓(xùn)中，它可以讓在模擬器上操作的內(nèi)窺鏡檢測(cè)法等程序感覺(jué)異常真實(shí)，從而使醫(yī)療人員能更自如地操作這些儀器。
The use of haptics in mobile phones is still in its infancy, but the wider deployment of haptic enabled phones will open the door to new applications.觸覺(jué)技術(shù)在手機(jī)方面的使用仍然處于初創(chuàng)階段，但是觸覺(jué)技術(shù)手機(jī)的廣泛運(yùn)用將為這項(xiàng)技術(shù)得以更多、更新的應(yīng)用開(kāi)辟新的途徑。
For now, at least, many mobile users prefer the accuracy of a physical keyboard rather than a touch screen.目前看來(lái)，至少還有許多手機(jī)用戶仍然偏愛(ài)物理鍵盤(pán)的準(zhǔn)確性，他們對(duì)觸摸屏并不十分感興趣。
A new technology is being designed to allow the best of both worlds: a keyboard that can also respond to touch commands.開(kāi)發(fā)人員正在設(shè)計(jì)一項(xiàng)可以兼顧這兩種需求的新技術(shù)：即可以同時(shí)回應(yīng)觸摸指令的物理鍵盤(pán)。
閱讀理解【題目及參考答案】
1．Why do we say Apple's iPhone is a revolution? Because Apple is the first to develop a new technology called easy-to-touch-screen．
2．What is the advantage of multi-touch screen? The screens can process commands the user gives with more than one finger．
3．What is the haptic feedback technology? It is vibrations and physical sensations．
4．What do gamers feel if they use haptic technology in videogames? The garners feel that they have the actual sensation when they play games．
5．Why do many people like a physical keyboard nowadays? Because they like the accuracy of a physical keyboard．
【練習(xí)題目及參考答案】 A．漢譯英 1．這項(xiàng)技術(shù)使移動(dòng)通訊行業(yè)產(chǎn)生了突破性變革。This technology revolutionized mobile communication.2．多觸摸功能是其最大的賣(mài)點(diǎn)之一(eye-catching feature)。The multi-touch capability is among its most eye-catching features.3．戴爾是一家跨國(guó)技術(shù)公司，總部設(shè)在德克薩斯州。Dell Inc.based in Texas, is a multinational company.4．制造商經(jīng)常在用戶購(gòu)買(mǎi)新電腦的時(shí)候提供免費(fèi)更換服務(wù)。Manufactures often offer a free replacement service when users purchase a new PC.5．很多多點(diǎn)觸控界面(interfaces)的產(chǎn)品已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)，而且正在廣泛地應(yīng)用。Many products for multi-touch interfaces have already existed and are being widely applied.B．英譯漢 The keyboard，being developed by the researchers，responds normally when a letter or number is pressed．But a user could scroll down a Web page by running a finger lightly across the key board；Pressing a little harder might be the command to scroll faster or zoom in on a Page．The technology is expected to start being employed in mobile phones in 2010 or 2011．研究人員在研制這樣一種鍵盤(pán)，當(dāng)用戶按下一個(gè)字母或者數(shù)字的時(shí)候，它可以作出正確的反應(yīng)。用戶可以通過(guò)手指輕輕地上下觸摸鍵盤(pán)來(lái)滑動(dòng)網(wǎng)頁(yè)；如果用力稍重一點(diǎn)，則表明滑動(dòng)得更快或者放大頁(yè)面的指令。這項(xiàng)技術(shù)有望于2010年或者2011年運(yùn)用在手機(jī)上。
9.Fossil Fuels and Our Life化石燃料與我們的生活
Oil and natural gas are an important part of everyday life.Not only do they give us mobility, they heat and cool our homes and provide electricity.石油與天然氣是我們?nèi)粘Ｉ畹闹匾M成部分。它們不僅使我們出行方便,它們還可以使我們的住所冬暖夏涼并且為我們提供電力。
Millions of products are made from oil and gas, including plastics, life-saving medications, clothing, cosmetics, and many other items you may use daily.我們?nèi)粘Ｉ钪械脑S多物品都是由石油和天然氣制成的，如塑料、治病救人的藥品、服裝、化妝品等等。
In the United States, 97% of the energy that drives the transportation sector(cars, buses, subways, railroads, airplanes, etc.)comes from fuels made from oil.在美國(guó)，交通運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)(私人汽車(chē)、公共汽車(chē)、地鐵、火車(chē)、飛機(jī)等)的運(yùn)行所依賴(lài)的能源中有97％來(lái)自石油煉制的燃料。
Auto manufacturers are developing cars to run on alternative fuels such as electricity, hydrogen and ethanol.However, the electric batteries need to be charged and the fuel to generate the electricity could be oil or gas.雖然汽車(chē)制造商們正在研制使用像電、氫氣和乙醇這樣的替代能源作為燃料的汽車(chē)，但是，汽車(chē)電池需要充電而且電池發(fā)電所用的燃料仍可能是石油或天然氣。
The hydrogen needed for fuel cells could also be generated from natural gas or petroleum-based products.燃料電池所需要的氫氣也可能是由天然氣或石油產(chǎn)品制成的。
Even as alternative fuels are developed, oil will be crucially important to assuring that people can get where they need to be and want to go for foreseeable future.所以，盡管人們?cè)谘兄崎_(kāi)發(fā)替代燃料，在可預(yù)測(cè)的將來(lái)，能夠確保人們出行便利的重要能源仍然是石油。
In areas of the world that are still developing, businesses and individuals are demanding greater mobility for themselves and their products.在全世界的發(fā)展中地區(qū)，不論企業(yè)還是個(gè)人，不論是為了自己方便還是為銷(xiāo)售公司的產(chǎn)品，對(duì)交通出行的需求都大大增加。
World vehicle ownership is projected to increase from 122 vehicles per thousand people in 1999 to 144 vehicles per thousand in 2020, with the growth occurring in developing nations.據(jù)預(yù)測(cè)世界汽車(chē)保有量將由1999年的每千人122輛增加至2020年的每千人144輛，這些增加的部分都是來(lái)自發(fā)展中國(guó)家。
Airports are being added in these countries as well, expanding jet fuel demand.同樣在這些發(fā)展中國(guó)家，由于機(jī)場(chǎng)也在擴(kuò)建，所以航空燃料的需求也在不斷增長(zhǎng)。
Oil is expected to remain the primary fuel source for transportation throughout the world for the foreseeable future, and transportation fuels are projected to account for almost 57% of total world oil consumption by 2020.在可預(yù)測(cè)的將來(lái)，石油仍將是世界各地交通的主要能源，預(yù)計(jì)到2020年交通燃料將占全世界石油消耗總量的57％。
World population is currently around 6 billion people, but is expected to grow to approximately 7.6 billion by 2020.目前世界人口為60億，但是到2020年將會(huì)增至約76億。
That will mean a huge increase in the demand for transportation fuels, electricity, and many other consumer products made from oil and natural gas.這將意味著人們對(duì)石油和天燃?xì)庵瞥傻慕煌ㄈ剂?、電力以及其它消費(fèi)產(chǎn)品需求的大量增加。
閱讀理解【題目及參考答案】
1．According to the text, how important is oil to our life? Oil and gas give us mobility, they heat and cool our homes and provide electricity．They can also be made into many products that we use every day．
2．What is a disadvantage of electric batteries used in automobiles? They must be charged and the fuel to generate the electricity could be oil or gas． 3．Can alternate energy completely replace oil and gas in the foreseeable future? Why? No．it can't．Oil and gas will still be crucially important to assuring that people can get where they need to be and want to go for the foreseeable future．
4．Where in the world can we see the big increase in car ownership? In the developing world．
5．What will the increase of world population indicate? That will mean a huge increase in the demand for transportation fuels, electricity, and many other consumer products made from oil and natural gas． 【練習(xí)題目及參考答案】 A．漢譯英
1．大多數(shù)替代能源不僅可以給我們帶來(lái)清潔空氣，它們還是可再生的。Not only do the majority of the alternative energies give us clean air, they are renewable as well.2．許多生活日用品都是由石油制成的。Many of the products we use daily are made from petroleum.3．盡管許多國(guó)家在研發(fā)并開(kāi)始使用不同的替代能源，在未來(lái)很長(zhǎng)的一段時(shí)間化石燃料仍將是占據(jù)主導(dǎo)地位的能源。Though many countries are researching and developing and are applying different alternative energy, fossil fuels will remain crucially important for a long time in future.4．專(zhuān)家預(yù)計(jì)北京的汽車(chē)占有量將超過(guò)每千人200輛。It is estimated(projected)that the car ownership in Beijing will exceed 200 per thousand people.5．在未來(lái)幾十年，世界人口仍將持續(xù)增長(zhǎng)。這意味著能源需求將進(jìn)一步增加。World population will continue to grow in the next few decades.This will mean an increasing in the demand for energy.B．英譯漢
Energy is available in many forms．Some are renewable such as gravity, which can be converted to hydroelectricity．Another renewable，such as solar energy, can be used directly to heat water and dwellings or be converted into electricity by photovoltaic methods(direct conversion)or by the production of steam using a system of mirror.Solar energy can also be employed indirectly through the force of the wind and waves(an example is the tidal-power station on the Rance in France)or by utilizing the difference in temperature between the surface and bottom of the oceans or between any two points on the Earth's crust.The latter is known as geothermal energy.能源的形式多種多樣。有些能源可再生，如重力勢(shì)能可轉(zhuǎn)化為水電。另一種可再生能源，如太陽(yáng)能可直接用于加熱水和給住房供暖，也可通過(guò)光電方法（直接轉(zhuǎn)化）或者利用一組反射鏡系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)生蒸汽而轉(zhuǎn)化成電力。太陽(yáng)能也可借助風(fēng)和波浪（例如法國(guó)蘭斯的潮汐發(fā)電站），或者利用海底和海面或者地殼任意兩點(diǎn)之間的溫差而被間接利用。后者又被稱(chēng)作地?zé)崮堋?/p>
Other forms of energy are nonrenewable.These include fossil fuels such as coal, oil, oil sand, oil shale and natural gas.These fuels can in fact be considered to be the product of the work of solar energy during millions of years and represent a kind of stored solar energy.其它形式的能源是不可再生的。包括化石燃料如煤、石油、油沙、油頁(yè)巖和天然氣。這些燃料其實(shí)可看作是經(jīng)過(guò)幾百萬(wàn)年太陽(yáng)能作用的產(chǎn)物，是一種儲(chǔ)存的太陽(yáng)能。
10.Carbon Emissions碳排放
The taskis challenging for any fuel source, but particularly so for coal, which produces more carbon dioxide than oil or natural gas.將燃料燃燒排放出的二氧化碳注入地下而不是排放到空氣中這項(xiàng)任務(wù)對(duì)于任何一種燃料的碳排放處理都是一件艱巨的工作。尤其對(duì)于煤炭來(lái)說(shuō)，這項(xiàng)任務(wù)就更為困難，因?yàn)槊禾咳紵仁秃吞烊粴馊紵欧懦龅亩趸几唷?/p>
Under optimal current conditions, coal produces more than twice as much carbon dioxide per unit of electricity as natural gas, the second most common fuel used for electricity generation.在最佳燃燒狀況下，每發(fā)一個(gè)單位電所燃燒煤炭而產(chǎn)生的二氧化碳是燃燒天然氣的兩倍。天然氣是發(fā)電使用的第二大燃料。
In the developing world, where even new coal plants use lower grade coal and less efficient machinery, the equation is even worse.在發(fā)展中國(guó)家，情況則更糕，因?yàn)槟抢锼褂玫拿禾考鞍l(fā)電設(shè)備都是低檔次的。
Without carbon capture and storage, coal cannot be green.But solving that problem will take global coordination and billions of dollars in investment, which no one country or company seems inclined to spend.如果不進(jìn)行碳集合封存，煤炭不可能成為綠色能源。但是解決這一問(wèn)題不僅需要全球的共同努力，也需要花費(fèi)數(shù)以十億計(jì)甚至更多的投資，而沒(méi)有任何一個(gè)國(guó)家和公司愿意花費(fèi)這筆投資。
There are a few dozen small demonstration projects in Europe and in the United States, most in the early stages.But progress has not been promising.雖然在歐洲和美國(guó)人們?yōu)榇诉M(jìn)行了一些小規(guī)模的試驗(yàn)項(xiàng)目，但這些項(xiàng)目都剛剛興起，并沒(méi)有取得什么實(shí)質(zhì)性的進(jìn)展。
The European Union had pledged to develop 12 pilot carbon-capture projects for Europe.Many have likened carbon capture's road from the demonstration lab to a safe, cheap, available reality as a challenge equivalent to putting a man on the moon.歐盟已經(jīng)承諾在歐洲建設(shè)l2個(gè)試驗(yàn)性碳捕獲項(xiàng)目。很多國(guó)家也已經(jīng)將碳捕獲這項(xiàng)任務(wù)從實(shí)驗(yàn)室轉(zhuǎn)化為安全、低價(jià)的實(shí)際應(yīng)用，但他們都把這項(xiàng)任務(wù)比作把人送往月球那么難。
Norway, which is investing heavily to test the technology, calls carbon capture its “moon landing.”挪威正在對(duì)此大量投資做技術(shù)測(cè)試，他們就把碳捕獲稱(chēng)為“月球登陸計(jì)劃”。
Then there is the problem of storing the carbon dioxide, which is at some level an inherently local issue.碳捕獲之后面臨的問(wèn)題就是碳封存。碳封存從某種程度上來(lái)說(shuō)則屬于地域問(wèn)題。
Geologists have to determine if there is a suitable underground site, calculate how much carbon dioxide it can hold and then equip it in a way that prevents leaks and ensures safety.地質(zhì)學(xué)家們需要確定地下是否有合適的地點(diǎn)，計(jì)算其對(duì)二氧化碳的存儲(chǔ)量，然后再配備設(shè)施防止二氧化碳的泄漏以確保安全。
A large leak of underground carbon dioxide could be as dangerous as a leak of nuclear fuel.地下二氧化碳一旦發(fā)生大量泄漏，就如同核燃料泄漏一樣危險(xiǎn)。
閱讀理解【題目及參考答案】
1．In paragraph 1, what does the underlined word “so” refer to? The word “so” refers to “challenging”.2．What can be learned about carbon emission in the coal plants in developing countries? The coal used in the coal plants is low grade and the machineries there are less efficient．As a result，produce much more carbon dioxide per unit of electricity.3．How can the use of coal become “green”? Coal can become ‘green’ through carbon capture and storage． 4．According to the text, what has Norway been doing? Norway has been investing heavily in developing carbon capture technology.5．What is the biggest concern of storing carbon at an underground site? The carbon stored at an underground site could leak，and a large leak underground carbon dioxide could be as dangerous as a leak of nuclear fuel.【練習(xí)題目及參考答案】 A．漢譯英
1．在很多以煤為主要能源的發(fā)展中國(guó)家，減少碳排放是一件極具挑戰(zhàn)的工作。Reducing carbon emission is a great challenge to developing nations where coal is a major source of energy.2．20世紀(jì)末的世界人口是20世紀(jì)六十年代的兩倍。The world population by the end of the 20 century was twice as much as that of the 1960s.3．如果沒(méi)有先進(jìn)的技術(shù)，環(huán)境污染無(wú)法得以改善。Without advanced technology, environmental pollution could not be improved.4．過(guò)量飲食對(duì)人體帶來(lái)的危害與過(guò)量飲酒帶給人體的傷害一樣嚴(yán)重。Excessive eating could be as harmful to health as excessive drinking.5．該公司正在就如何有效減少二氧化碳排放做一項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)性研究。The company has been working on a pilot study in an effort to cut carbon emission efficiently.B．英譯漢
Many chemical compounds found in the Earth's atmosphere act as “greenhouse gases.”These gases allow sunlight to enter the atmosphere freely．When sunlight strikes the Earth's surface，some of it is reflected back towards space as infrared radiation(heat)．Greenhouse gases absorb this infrared radiation and trap the heal the atmosphere．Over time，the amount of energy sent from the sun to the Earth's surface should be about the same as the amount of energy radiated back into space, leaving the temperature of the Earth's surface roughly constant．地球大氣中的很多化合物都具有“溫室氣體”效果。這些氣體可使太陽(yáng)的光線沒(méi)有任何阻礙地進(jìn)入到大氣中。陽(yáng)光到達(dá)地球表面時(shí)，其中的一部分會(huì)變?yōu)榧t外線輻射（即熱量）被反射回太空。溫室氣體吸收這些紅外輻射能量并把熱量圈在大氣當(dāng)中。日復(fù)一日，從太陽(yáng)發(fā)射到地球表面的能量與反射回太空的能量應(yīng)是相等的，這樣即可使地球表面的溫度基本保持恒定。
Many gases exhibit these“greenhouse”properties．Some of them occur in nature(water vapor, carbon dioxide，methane，and nitrous oxide)，while others are exclusively human-made．許多氣體都具備這些“溫室氣體”的特性。這種氣體就存在于自然界中，如水蒸氣、二氧化碳、甲烷和氮氧化物，而其它的“溫室氣體”則完全是人類(lèi)制造的。
Levels of several important greenhouse gases have increased by about 25 percent since large-scale industrialization began around l50 years ago．During the past 20 years，about three-quarters of human-made carbon dioxide emissions were from burning fossil fuels．150年前開(kāi)始的大規(guī)模工業(yè)化使主要溫室氣體的數(shù)量增加了25%。在過(guò)去的20年中，由人類(lèi)活動(dòng)排放的二氧化碳約75%都是由燃燒化石燃料造成的。
World carbon dioxide emissions are expected to increase by l.9 percent annually between 2001 and 2025．Much of the increase in these emissions expected to occur in the developing world where emerging economies，such China and India．fuel their economic development with fossil energy．Developing countries' emissions are expected to grow above the world average at 2.7 percent annually between 2001 and 2025．人們預(yù)測(cè)2010年至2025年全球二氧化碳排放將會(huì)以1.9%的年增長(zhǎng)率增加。這其中大部分的增長(zhǎng)將會(huì)發(fā)生在以燃燒化石能源促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的新興經(jīng)濟(jì)體中，例如中國(guó)和印度。2001年至2025年這些發(fā)展中國(guó)家的碳排放將會(huì)以平均每年2.7%的比例增長(zhǎng)，這個(gè)數(shù)字大大超過(guò)了世界的年平均增長(zhǎng)率。
th11.Marine Pollution海洋污染
By the year 2050 it is estimated that the world's population could have increased to around 9 billion.到2050年，估計(jì)世界人口可能會(huì)增加到l20億。
Of these, some 60 percent will live within 60km of the sea.The agricultural and industrial activities required to support this population will increase the already significant pressures on fertile coastal areas.其中大約有60％的人口居住在距離海洋60公里的范圍內(nèi)。為養(yǎng)活這些人口而進(jìn)行的農(nóng)業(yè)和工業(yè)活動(dòng)將會(huì)加大富饒的沿海地區(qū)已面臨的巨大壓力。
One significant impact of human activity is marine pollution.The most visible and familiar is oil pollution caused by tanker accidents and tank washing at sea.人類(lèi)活動(dòng)產(chǎn)生的一個(gè)重大影響是海洋污染。最顯而易見(jiàn)和為人熟知的是油輪事故和在海洋里清洗油箱所造成的油污染。
Despite the scale and visibility of such impacts, the total quantities of pollutants entering the sea from the long line of catastrophic oil spills appeared small compared with those of pollutants introduced directly and indirectly from other sources(including domestic sewage, industrial discharges, leakages, urban and industrial run-off, accidents, spillages, explosions, sea dumping operations, oil production, mining, agriculture nutrients and pesticides, waste heat sources, and radioactive discharges).雖然這些影響有一定的規(guī)模、且顯而易見(jiàn)，但是，與其它直接和間接的海洋污染源(包括民用污水、工業(yè)排放物、廢料堆泄漏、都市和工業(yè)污染排放物、事故、泄漏、爆炸、向海洋傾泄垃圾的行為、石油生產(chǎn)、采礦、依業(yè)肥料和殺蟲(chóng)劑、熱源廢料和放射性排放物)相比，一系列油輪發(fā)生災(zāi)難性油泄漏而造成的海洋污染物質(zhì)總量還是顯得很少。
Nutrient pollution from sewage discharges and agriculture can result in unsightly and possibly dangerous “blooms” of algae in coastal waters.污水排放物和農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)所造成的肥料污染使海岸水域里的藻類(lèi)開(kāi)出難看而且可能危險(xiǎn)的花朵。
As these blooms die and decay they use up the oxygen in the water.This led, in some areas, to “creeping dead zones”.這些花朵死亡和腐爛將耗盡水里的氧氣，使這些地區(qū)變成了“逐漸蔓延的死亡區(qū)”。
Radioactive pollution has many causes, including the normal operation of nuclear power stations.放射性污染有很多原因，包括正常運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的核電站。
Radioactive elements traceable to reprocessing can be found in seaweeds as far away as the West Greenland Coast.遠(yuǎn)在格陵蘭島西部海岸的海草里都能發(fā)現(xiàn)核燃料再處理所產(chǎn)生的放射性元索。
Trace metal pollution from metal mining, production and processing industries can damage the health of marine plants and animals and render some sea foods unfit for human consumption.金屬采礦、生產(chǎn)和加工所造成的微量金屬污染會(huì)損害海洋植物和動(dòng)物的健康，使一些海產(chǎn)品不再適合人類(lèi)食用。
閱讀理解【題目及參考答案】
1．Why is it difficult to support the population on fertile coastal areas by the year 2050? Because 60％ of the World's population will live within 60km of the sea．
2．How many kinds of sea pollutions are mentioned in the passage? What are they? There are four：marine pollution，nutrient pollution，radioactive pollution, trace metal pollution．
3．What is mentioned as the most visible and familiar marine pollution? Oil pollution． 4．Marine life dies in creeping dead zones because of the lack of ___.Oxygen． 5．The West Greenland Coast has been polluted by ____.Radioactive elements． 【練習(xí)題目及參考答案】 A．漢譯英
1．一些污染源已經(jīng)通過(guò)立法得到控制。Some sources of pollution have been brought under control by legislation．
2．用電動(dòng)車(chē)來(lái)取代汽油和柴油車(chē)可減少城市污染。Replacing petrol and diesel vehicles with electric cars can free our cities from pollution.3．要從源頭(at source)來(lái)規(guī)范危險(xiǎn)化學(xué)品的生產(chǎn)和使用。The production and use of dangerous chemicals could be regulated at source.4．最近所發(fā)生的一切除了會(huì)造成明顯可見(jiàn)的短期影響外，也會(huì)導(dǎo)致嚴(yán)重的長(zhǎng)期問(wèn)題。In addition to the visible short-term impacts, what has happened recently can also cause/result longer-term problems.5．污染的海岸水域引發(fā)的死亡和疾病每年要耗費(fèi)全球經(jīng)濟(jì)128億美元。Death and disease caused by polluted coastal waters cost the global economy US$12.8 billion a year.B．英譯漢
In addition to the sewage，cities produce many tons of trash and junk each day．Bottles，garbage，plastic bags，waste paper, Cans and even junked cars make up much of this waste．Solid waste is an increasing problem．If it is dumped on land，it breeds rats，flies and mosquitoes and produces odors．One way to handle it is to make sanitary landfills．Here the trash is crushed and covered with soil．除了污水外，城市每天還要產(chǎn)生很多噸的垃圾及廢棄物。垃圾堆里大部分東西是瓶子、殘羹剩飯、塑料袋、廢紙、罐頭盒，甚至還有報(bào)廢的汽車(chē)。固體垃圾的問(wèn)題越來(lái)越大。隨地倒垃圾會(huì)滋生老鼠、蒼蠅和蚊子并產(chǎn)生臭味。有一種處理垃圾的方法就是進(jìn)行衛(wèi)生填埋，將垃圾壓碎之后用土蓋上。
12.China's Growth and the Clean Energy Tech中國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)與清潔能源技術(shù)
China's unprecedented growth in recent years has come at a terrible price.中國(guó)近年來(lái)史無(wú)前例的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)是以可怕的代價(jià)換來(lái)的。
Two-thirds of its rivers and lakes are too polluted for industrial use, let alone agriculture or drinking.中國(guó)2/3的河流湖泊污染嚴(yán)重，無(wú)法用于工業(yè)，更別說(shuō)農(nóng)業(yè)或飲用了。
Just 1 in 100 of China's nearly 600 million city dwellers breathes air that would be considered safe in Europe.中國(guó)近6億城市人口中只有1％的人呼吸著按歐洲標(biāo)準(zhǔn)堪稱(chēng)安全的空氣。
At a time when arable land is in short supply, poisoned floodwaters have ruined many productive fields.在可耕地緊缺之際，受到污染的洪水又毀壞了大量良田。
The immensity of these troubles has produced a result that may surprise many outside China: The nation has emerged as an incubator for clean technology, vaulting to the forefront in several categories.諸如此類(lèi)的眾多問(wèn)題卻產(chǎn)生了一個(gè)令很多國(guó)外人士感到驚訝的結(jié)果：中國(guó)逐漸成為清潔技術(shù)的培育基地，在若干領(lǐng)域走到了前列。
Among all countries, China is now the largest producer of photovoltaic solar panels, thanks to such homegrown manufacturers as Suntech Power.憑借尚德太陽(yáng)能電力有限公司等本土廠商，中國(guó)現(xiàn)在是世界上最大的光電太陽(yáng)能電池板生產(chǎn)國(guó)。
The country is the world's second-largest market for wind turbines.中國(guó)也是全球第二大風(fēng)電機(jī)組市場(chǎng)。In car-making, China's BYD Auto has leapfrogged global giants, launching the first mass-produced hybrid that plugs into an electrical outlet.在汽車(chē)制造方面，中國(guó)的比亞迪汽車(chē)有限公司已超過(guò)全球汽車(chē)巨頭，推出了第一款可大批量生產(chǎn)的充電式混合動(dòng)力車(chē)。
Understanding they are in a global race, China's leaders are supporting businesses with policies and incentives.中國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人認(rèn)識(shí)到了他們正處于一場(chǎng)全球競(jìng)賽中，于是以各種政策和激勵(lì)措施對(duì)企業(yè)予以扶持。
Beijing recently hiked China's auto mileage standards to a level the U.S.is not expected to reach until 2020.北京前不久將中國(guó)的汽車(chē)?yán)锍虡?biāo)準(zhǔn)大幅提高到美國(guó)估計(jì)要到2020年才能達(dá)到的水平。
Beijing also says it will boost the country's share of electricity created from renewable sources to 23% by 2020, from 16% today, on par with similar targets in Europe.Beijing's green intentions will soon be put to the test.北京還表示，到2020年，中國(guó)的可再生性資源發(fā)電量所占比例將從目前的16％上升到23％，與歐洲的類(lèi)似指標(biāo)不相上下。北京的綠色環(huán)保意向很快將受到考驗(yàn)。
China is in the midst of the biggest building boom in history.A study estimates that over 350 million people will migrate from the countryside into cities by 2025.中國(guó)正處于有史以來(lái)最大的建筑熱潮中。一項(xiàng)研究估計(jì)，到2025年，中國(guó)將有超過(guò)3.5億人從農(nóng)村遷入城市。
Five million buildings will be added, including 50,000 skyscrapers—equal to 10 New York Cities.中國(guó)將新增500萬(wàn)幢建筑，包括5萬(wàn)幢摩天大樓，相當(dāng)于10座紐約市的規(guī)模。
And as new offices and houses multiply, they are filled with energy-hungry computers, TVs, air conditioners, and the like, sharply increasing demand for electricity, which comes mainly from coal-powered plants.隨著新建辦公室和房屋的成倍增長(zhǎng)，那些耗費(fèi)能源的計(jì)算機(jī)、電視、空調(diào)等設(shè)備也要裝備到這些建筑中，這就大量增加了電力的需求，而大部分電力是來(lái)自以煤做燃料的發(fā)電廠。
閱讀理解【題目及參考答案】 1．What are some of the downsides to China's growth? Rivers, 1akes and air are seriously polluted．Water and agricultural land have been poisoned．
2．According to the passage，how many people in China breathe safe air? 6 million．
3．What can be learned about Suntech Power? It is a domestic(homegrown)manufacturer of photovoltaic solar panels．
4．What are Beijing's green intentions? Beijing will boost the country's share of electricity created from renewable sources to 23％ by 2020．
5．What will be increased sharply by the year 2025 in China? City population． 【練習(xí)題目及參考答案】 A．漢譯英 1．環(huán)境污染和自然災(zāi)害是經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展應(yīng)付出的代價(jià)。Environmental pollution and natural disasters are the price we have to pay for developing the economy.2．化石能源的緊缺促使很多能源公司去開(kāi)發(fā)替代能源。The shortage of fossil fuels has made many energy companies develop alternative energy sources.3．豐田汽車(chē)公司已經(jīng)開(kāi)始大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)其混合動(dòng)力車(chē)Prius，這在很大程度上超過(guò)了其它汽車(chē)制造大企業(yè)。Toyota Auto has begun to mass-producing its hybrid model Prius, which has leapfrogged other auto giants.4．政府通過(guò)政策激勵(lì)來(lái)促使國(guó)有企業(yè)節(jié)能減排。Governments are boosting(promoting)energy conservation and emission reduction through policies and incentives.5．隨著人口的成倍增長(zhǎng)(multiply)，世界將會(huì)對(duì)能源有如饑似渴般的需求。As population multiplies, the world will become energy-hungry.B．英譯漢
China's investments in renewable energy in 2009 exceeded those made by the United States for the first time．With its investments growing 50 percent in 2009，China committed $34.6 billion to wind power，solar energy and other forms of renewable energy，making it the world's biggest investor in such projects．China invested nearly double the United States' $18.6 billion，while the United Kingdom, which has a much smaller population，was the third largest investor with $11.2 billion in 2009．The study of investments by G-20 nations also found that China's installed renewable energy capacity surged to 52.5 gigawatts，putting it just behind the United States，which had 53.4 gigawatts of capacity in 2009．2009年中國(guó)在可再生能源上的投資首次超過(guò)美國(guó)。2009年中國(guó)政府為開(kāi)發(fā)風(fēng)電、太陽(yáng)能和其它可再生資源共投資346億美元，同比增長(zhǎng)了50%，這也使得中國(guó)成為世界上最大的可再生能源的投資者。中國(guó)的這項(xiàng)投資幾乎相當(dāng)于美國(guó)186億美元投資的兩倍，而英國(guó)，雖然人口數(shù)量要比中國(guó)和美國(guó)小很多，但在可再生能源上的投資卻排在世界第三位，他們2009年投資額為112億。20國(guó)集團(tuán)（G-20）對(duì)可再生能源投資所做的研究還表明，目前中國(guó)已安裝完善的可再生能源發(fā)電總量已飛速發(fā)展到525億瓦特，僅次于美國(guó)2009年的534億瓦特發(fā)電總量。
China is emerging as the world's clean energy powerhouse．Having built a strong manufacturing base and export markets，China is working now to meet domestic demand by installing substantial new clean energy-generating capacity to meet ambitious renewable energy targets．Over the past six months alone，China has signed deals with American solar companies to build solar power plants that would generate 4,000 megawatts of electricity．中國(guó)已成為世界新興的清潔能源發(fā)電站。擁有強(qiáng)大的生產(chǎn)基地和龐大的出口市場(chǎng)，中國(guó)目前正致力于大批安裝清潔能源發(fā)電設(shè)施以滿足國(guó)內(nèi)對(duì)可再生能源不斷增加的需求。僅僅在過(guò)去的六個(gè)月中，中國(guó)就已經(jīng)和一些美國(guó)的太陽(yáng)能公司簽署了建造擁有4000兆瓦發(fā)電能力的太陽(yáng)能發(fā)電站的協(xié)議。
13.Market Economy市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)
There are pros and cons for command and market economies.計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)和市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)各有利弊。
Let's look at the command economy first.The foundation of it is that it is directed and controlled by a centralize government.首先我們來(lái)看一下計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)。計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)的基礎(chǔ)是由中央集權(quán)的政府指導(dǎo)和控制。
A command economy means that the government is involved in every step.There are other downsides to a command economy.計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)意味著政府涉足經(jīng)濟(jì)生活的每一步。計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)還有其它的負(fù)面影響。
Often factories don't meet quotas, needs are underestimated, and a product could sell too quickly, and so on.工廠經(jīng)常會(huì)達(dá)不到配額，市場(chǎng)的需求會(huì)被低估，一種產(chǎn)品可能會(huì)很快銷(xiāo)售一空等等。
Basically things have to be adjusted.Production and prices might have to be increased or decreased;there might be restrictions on the number of items a person could buy.總的來(lái)說(shuō)必須做出調(diào)整：產(chǎn)品和價(jià)格可能不得不或升或降；也可能會(huì)限制人們購(gòu)買(mǎi)產(chǎn)品的數(shù)量等等。
Now let's look at the market economy.That means private enterprise with the government not making the decisions.現(xiàn)在我們來(lái)看一下市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)。這意味著企業(yè)私有制而政府并不能為它們做任何決定。
Here's how it works.We'll use the example of clothing.Maybe somebody – say Jack – decides to open a company making clothes.He designs and makes them fashionable so people will want to buy and wear them.If the clothes become popular then Jack can increase the price and keep increasing it.我們用服裝行業(yè)的例子來(lái)說(shuō)明它的運(yùn)行方式。假如某人，我們就叫他杰克，決定開(kāi)一家服裝制造公司。他設(shè)計(jì)和制造時(shí)尚的服裝，使人們?cè)敢赓?gòu)買(mǎi)和穿著。如果服裝受歡迎，杰克會(huì)提高價(jià)格，并維持價(jià)格的攀升。
By doing this Jack can make more profit and or expand his business to make even more money.At the same time other people will have noticed how well he is doing and will start up new businesses in competition.通過(guò)這種方式，杰克可獲取更大的利滑。或者通過(guò)擴(kuò)展業(yè)務(wù)，創(chuàng)造更多的財(cái)富。與此同時(shí)，別人將注意到他做的很優(yōu)秀，于是這些人將創(chuàng)辦新的企業(yè)與杰克競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。
This way prices will level off or even come down because people will buy the thing costing less.這樣價(jià)格將穩(wěn)定下來(lái)，甚至可能降低，因?yàn)槿藗兌荚敢赓I(mǎi)更便宜的衣服。
The companies will have to cut costs, and perhaps do with less profit to stay in business.In this case the market economy is the way to go.各家公司將不得不降低成本、減少利潤(rùn)，使自己在行業(yè)內(nèi)得以生存。在這種情況下，市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)才是正確的方向。
With a command economy the government runs everything and everybody, but with a market economy the government supposedly provides assistance only to correct problems that can't be solved by the market.在計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)下，政府掌管每件事和每個(gè)人；而在市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)下，政府提供幫助來(lái)解決市場(chǎng)不能解決的問(wèn)題。
With a command economy come chronic shortages, inefficiencies.On the other hand, the market economy offers greater opportunities for economic growth, technological progress and prosperity.計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)逐漸導(dǎo)致長(zhǎng)期物質(zhì)短缺和效率低下。另一方面，市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)能夠更大程度地帶來(lái)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)、技術(shù)進(jìn)步和社會(huì)繁榮的良機(jī)。
閱讀理解【題目及參考答案】
1．What is the role of government in the command economy? The economy is directed，controlled by the centralized government．
2．What might be restricted in the command economy? How much of an item a person can buy．
3．What is the market economy? Market economy means private enterprise with the government not making the decisions．
4．Who is Jack according to the text? Jack is a virtual person who owns a company that makes clothes． 5．What does the market economy provide? The market economy provides／offers greater opportunities for economic growth，technological progress and prosperity．
【練習(xí)題目及參考答案】 A．漢譯英
當(dāng)今，經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)在商業(yè)方面起著越來(lái)越大的作用。商人們清楚地認(rèn)識(shí)到研究工作的重要性，他們需要通過(guò)研究來(lái)發(fā)現(xiàn)什么樣的條件有助予出售他們的商品，對(duì)他們的商品有什么需求，以及能夠得到什么樣的國(guó)際市場(chǎng)等等。Economics play an increasingly important part in business today.Businessmen see clearly the necessity for research.They need research to discover what sort of conditions will help them sell their goods, what demand there will be for their goods, what foreign markets will be available and so on.B．英譯漢
Globalization is a fact of life．But we have underestimated its fragility．The problem is this．The spread of markets grow faster than the ability of societies and their political systems to adjust to them．Let alone to guide the course they take.History teaches us that such an imbalance between the economic, social and political realms can never be sustained for very long．全球化已成為無(wú)法回避的事實(shí)。但是我們低估了它的脆弱。問(wèn)題就在于此，市場(chǎng)的快速擴(kuò)展已超出了社會(huì)及其政治制度適應(yīng)其發(fā)展的能力，更談不上引導(dǎo)市場(chǎng)發(fā)展的進(jìn)程。歷史的經(jīng)驗(yàn)告訴我們：這種經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)和政治領(lǐng)域的不平衡絕不會(huì)持續(xù)很久。
The industrialized countries learned that lesson in their bitter and costly encounter with the Great Depression．In order to restore social harmony and political stability, they adopted social safety nets and other measures．That insured possible successive moves towards globalization，which brought about the long-period of expansion．工業(yè)化國(guó)家在遭遇經(jīng)濟(jì)大蕭條時(shí)付出了慘重、昂貴的代價(jià)，因此而吸取了教訓(xùn)。為了恢復(fù)社會(huì)和諧、政治穩(wěn)定，他們采用了社會(huì)安全體系和其它一些措施，確保了不斷邁向經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化而帶來(lái)的長(zhǎng)期市場(chǎng)擴(kuò)張。
14.CPI消費(fèi)者物價(jià)指數(shù)
If the CPI, Consumer Price Index was 2.1% in a country, what does that mean? In a nutshell, it means that consumers in that country paid 2.1% more than in the previous year for the goods and services included in the CPI basket.如果某個(gè)國(guó)家的消費(fèi)者物價(jià)指數(shù)為2.l％，那意味著什么?簡(jiǎn)單地說(shuō)，這意味著這個(gè)國(guó)家的消費(fèi)者為消費(fèi)者物價(jià)指數(shù)籃子里的商品及服務(wù)的支出比上一年多了2.1％。
Although prices of goods and services rise and fall over time, when prices change too dramatically, they can have negative effects on an economy.雖然商品和服務(wù)的價(jià)格隨時(shí)間而上下波動(dòng)，但是如果價(jià)格變動(dòng)幅度過(guò)大，則會(huì)給經(jīng)濟(jì)帶來(lái)負(fù)面影響。
In order to tell if an economy is experiencing inflation, deflation or stagflation, we use the CPI as a gauge of the price of goods and services.為了說(shuō)明經(jīng)濟(jì)是否正在經(jīng)歷通貨膨脹、通貨緊縮或者是滯脹，我們把CPI作為衡量商品及服務(wù)價(jià)格的尺度。
When the Department of Labor's Bureau of Labor Statistic releases the CPI date monthly, the CPI's result are widely anticipated and watched.勞工部勞動(dòng)數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)局每月公布CPI數(shù)據(jù)的時(shí)候，很多人都期待并關(guān)注CPI結(jié)果。
Who would eagerly await the results, you might ask? Well, the CPI plays an important role for many key financial decision makers, including individual investors, the Central Banks and the Federal Reserve in the U.S.你或許會(huì)問(wèn)什么人會(huì)熱切地等待著這些結(jié)果?CPI對(duì)許多重要的財(cái)政決策者來(lái)說(shuō)起著重要的作用，其中包括個(gè)人投資者、中央銀行和美國(guó)聯(lián)邦貯備銀行。
The CPI helps central banks forecast the interest-rate policy and other decisions of major banks and corporations.CPI幫助中央銀行預(yù)測(cè)主要銀行和企業(yè)的利息政策和其它決策。
I mentioned the CPI basket before and now I want to expand on what this basket is and how we get the information.前面提到過(guò)CPI籃子，現(xiàn)在我想進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明一下這個(gè)籃子是什么，以及我們?nèi)绾潍@取信息。
The base-year market basket, which makes up the CPI, comes from detailed expenditure information collected from surveys of thousands of families.組成CPI的基本市場(chǎng)籃子是在調(diào)查了成千上萬(wàn)戶家庭的詳細(xì)支出信息之后得出的。
The information is not randomly collected, instead, the information is gathered through interviews and diaries kept by participants who have agreed to disclose their buying habits.這些信息不是隨機(jī)搜集來(lái)的，而是通過(guò)對(duì)那些愿意公開(kāi)自己購(gòu)買(mǎi)習(xí)慣的消費(fèi)者所進(jìn)行采訪和記錄中得到的信息。
The basket is divided into eight groups: food and beverages, housing, apparel, transportation, medical care, recreation, education and communication, and other goods and services, and includes more than 200 categories.基本籃子可分為8個(gè)組，包括了200多個(gè)種類(lèi)，食品和飲料、住宅、服裝、交通工具、醫(yī)療、休閑、教育和通訊以及其它商品的服務(wù)。
Finally, the prices of 80,000 items in the market basket are collected monthly from thousands of retail stores, service establishments, rental units, and doctors' offices.最后，市場(chǎng)籃子中的8萬(wàn)件物品的價(jià)格是從成千上萬(wàn)個(gè)零售商店、服務(wù)部門(mén)、租賃店、診所等的每個(gè)月匯總中得來(lái)的。
閱讀理解【題目及參考答案】
1．What is CPI short for? Consumer Price Index．
2．What does that indicate if CPI is 3.3% in a country this year? Consumers in a country have to pay 3.3％ more than in the previous year for the goods and services．
3．What will happen if prices change a lot? They can have negative effects on an economy．
4．Who are eager to await the results of the CPI? Why? Many key financial decision makers．Because the CPI plays an important role for them．
5．How is the information of the CPI basket collected? The information is collected through interviews and diaries kept by the participants．
【練習(xí)題目及參考答案】 A．漢譯英
20世紀(jì)30年代的大蕭條(Great Depression)對(duì)大部分的美國(guó)人產(chǎn)生了巨大的影響。工廠倒閉，工人失業(yè)，公司和銀行破產(chǎn)，農(nóng)民不能償付貸款并失去了他們的農(nóng)場(chǎng)，他們中的許多人只能離開(kāi)家鄉(xiāng)去尋找工作。20世紀(jì)30年代的大蕭條不僅影響了美國(guó)，它把整個(gè)世界都攪亂了。The Great Depression of the 1930s had a profound(serious)effect on most of the population of the United States.Factories closed and workers were out of work;businesses and banks collapsed;farmers could not repay their loans and lost their farms.Many of them had to leave their farms to search for jobs(look for jobs).The Great Depression of 1930s didn't only affect the USA alone but turned the whole world upside down.B．英譯漢
Social assistance is considered a job，which is correct．This sector, accounting for 6 percent of all jobs in this country, is made up of firms and organizations that have goals that go beyond making money．Their goal is to improve the quality and accessibility of their products in addition to increasing the quality of life of their members and employees，by educating and training them．社會(huì)援助被看作是一個(gè)職業(yè)，這是正確的。這個(gè)領(lǐng)域占該國(guó)所有就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)的6%，是由一些不以盈利為目的的公司和組織構(gòu)成的。他們的主要目標(biāo)是通過(guò)教育和培訓(xùn)的方式提高他們的成員或雇員的生活質(zhì)量。此外，還要提升他們的產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量和可獲性。
Many of these companies focus more specifically on helping build basic job skills in the most needy peopleand is making it possible to unleash supercomputing power on everyday tasks：analyzing a city's traffic patterns，for example，to predict where jams will crop up． 我們需要從兩個(gè)方面來(lái)理解這一平臺(tái)。第一個(gè)方面與處理能力及數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)有關(guān)——這部分功能已經(jīng)從個(gè)人電腦轉(zhuǎn)移到了大型的中央集成數(shù)據(jù)中心。它將使數(shù)據(jù)處理形成產(chǎn)業(yè)化規(guī)模并使超級(jí)計(jì)算機(jī)能力可以被用于日常工作：比如，分析某個(gè)城市的交通模式，以便預(yù)測(cè)哪個(gè)地點(diǎn)會(huì)發(fā)生交通堵塞。
The second part lies in the billions of intelligent personal devicescapable of plugging into this centralized computing resource via the internet．That means individuals(and not just companies or governments)will be able to take advantage of these information“clouds”．第二個(gè)方面是，數(shù)十億臺(tái)智能個(gè)人設(shè)備——如智能手機(jī)、上網(wǎng)本——能夠通過(guò)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)接入這一集中化計(jì)算資源。這意味著，個(gè)人（而不僅僅是企業(yè)或政府）將能夠利用這些信息“云”。
So where does this lead us? Two broad predictions spring to mind．0ne is that making so much information and processing power available at very low cost will produce new breakthroughs．Science，for instance，could be revolutionized，as researchers gain access to previously unimaginable amounts of data and develop ways to cross-refer between disciplines．那么，它將帶領(lǐng)我們走向何方？我腦海中閃現(xiàn)了兩個(gè)寬泛的預(yù)測(cè)。一個(gè)是，使人們能以非常低的成本獲得如此多的信息與處理能力，將會(huì)帶來(lái)新的突破。例如，科學(xué)領(lǐng)域可能會(huì)發(fā)生徹底的變革，因?yàn)檠芯咳藛T能夠獲取之前難以想象的海量數(shù)據(jù)，并且研發(fā)出在各學(xué)科之間相互指引參照的方法。
The second prediction is that personal computing devices will become super smart as they are able to draw on the intelligence of the “cloud”．Already，Google is talking about adding instantaneous voice translation to its phones．第二個(gè)預(yù)測(cè)是，個(gè)人計(jì)算設(shè)備將變得超級(jí)智能，因?yàn)樗鼈兛梢岳谩霸啤钡闹悄堋９雀枰呀?jīng)開(kāi)始討論在其手機(jī)中加入同步語(yǔ)音翻譯功能。
The big changes represented by these computing shifts may not be complete by the end of this decadewe won't do much about it.全球變暖或許是也或許不是21世紀(jì)的環(huán)境大危機(jī)。但不管是與否，我們都不會(huì)采取什么措施。
We will argue over it and may even, as a nation, make some fairly solemn-sounding commitments to avoid it.我們會(huì)對(duì)其爭(zhēng)論不休，甚至作為一個(gè)國(guó)家發(fā)表一些聽(tīng)起來(lái)莊重的誓言來(lái)避免全球變暖。
But the more dramatic and meaningful these commitments seem, the less likely they are to be observed.但這些誓言聽(tīng)起來(lái)越激動(dòng)人心、越意味深長(zhǎng)，實(shí)現(xiàn)它們的可能性卻越小。
A1 Gore, former US Vice President, calls global warming an “inconvenient truth,” as if merely recognizing it could put us on a path to a solution.美國(guó)前副總統(tǒng)戈?duì)枌⑷蜃兣Q(chēng)作“令人不快的真相”，似乎只要我們認(rèn)識(shí)到這個(gè)真相就可以找到解決這一問(wèn)題的途徑。
But the real truth is that we don't know enough to relieve global warming, andwe can't do much about it.但是實(shí)際的真相是我們并沒(méi)有足夠的能力消除全球變暖；若沒(méi)有重大的科技突破，我們根本無(wú)能為力。
From 2003 to 2050, the world's population is projected to grow from 6.4 billion to 9.1 billion, a 42% increase.2003年至2050年世界人口預(yù)計(jì)將增長(zhǎng)42％，即從64億增長(zhǎng)至91億。
if energy use per person and technology remain the same, total energy use and greenhouse gas emissions(mainly,CO2)will be 42% higher in 2050.如果人均消耗能源和科技水平不變，到2050年，能源消耗總量和溫室氣體排放將增加42％。
But that's too low, because societies that grow richer use more energy.但是這只是一個(gè)保守?cái)?shù)字，因?yàn)樯鐣?huì)的進(jìn)步和富足意味著更多的能源消耗。
We need economic growth unless we condemn the world's poor to their present poverty and freeze everyone else's living standards.經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展是必需的，除非不再提高人們的生活水準(zhǔn)，讓世界上的貧困人口永遠(yuǎn)過(guò)貧窮的生活。
With modest growth, energy use and greenhouse emissions more than double by 2050.但即使經(jīng)濟(jì)保守地發(fā)展，到2050年，能源消耗及溫室氣體排放也會(huì)增加一倍多。
No government will adopt rigid restrictions on economic growth and personal freedom(limits on electricity usage, driving and travel)that might cut back global warming.任何政府都不會(huì)采取剛性的措施限制經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和個(gè)人自由(如：限制用電量、開(kāi)車(chē)出行、外出旅行等)，盡管這樣的措施會(huì)減緩全球變暖。
Still, politicians want to show they're “doing something” Consider the Kyoto Protocol.It allowed countries that joined to punish those that didn't.But it hasn't reduced CO2 emissions, and many signatories didn't adopt tough enough policies to hit their 2008-2012 targets.但是政治家們依然想證明他們沒(méi)有對(duì)全球變暖“置之不理”?！熬┒甲h定書(shū)”就是個(gè)實(shí)例。其中規(guī)定所有簽約國(guó)家有權(quán)利懲罰那些非簽約國(guó)。但是“京都議定書(shū)”并沒(méi)有使二氧化碳的排放有所減少，況且很多簽約國(guó)也并沒(méi)有采取足夠嚴(yán)厲的措施以實(shí)現(xiàn)2008—2010年碳排放目標(biāo)。
The practical conclusion is that if global warming is a potential disaster, the only solution is new technology.Only an aggressive research and development program might find ways of breaking our dependence on fossil fuels or dealing with it.我們得出的現(xiàn)實(shí)的結(jié)論就是如果全球變暖是一場(chǎng)潛在的災(zāi)難，解決全球變暖的唯一辦法是新技術(shù)。只有靠我們大力的研究和技術(shù)開(kāi)發(fā)才能使我們打破對(duì)化石燃料的依賴(lài)或找到應(yīng)對(duì)全球變暖的方法。
閱讀理解【題目及參考答案】
1．What is said about global warming in the first paragraph? Human being will not do much about global warming．
2．According to the author’s understanding, what is A1 Gore’s view on global warming? A1 Gore calls global warming an“inconvenient truth,”as if merely recognizing it could put us on a path to a solution．
3．Why will greenhouse emissions double by the year 2050? Because the world population will grow by 42％ by 2050，and as economy will grow, and so will the energy consumption and greenhouse emission． 4．In paragraph 4, the sentence “It allowed countries that joined to punish those that didn’t.” What does the word “didn’t” refer to? “Those that didn't” here refers to“those countries that didn't join the Kyoto Protocol.5．What message does the author try to convey in the last paragraph? We must develop breakthrough technology in order to deal with the problem of global warming.【練習(xí)題目及參考答案】 A．漢譯英
全球氣候變暖主要是由于人們焚燒化石礦物以生成能量時(shí)所產(chǎn)生的二氧化碳等多種溫室氣體導(dǎo)致。全球平均氣溫總體看為上升趨勢(shì)。進(jìn)入20世紀(jì)八十年代后，全球氣溫明顯上升。全球變暖的后果，會(huì)使全球降水量重新分配（reallocation），冰川消融，海平面上升，既危害自然生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的平衡，更威脅人類(lèi)的食物供應(yīng)和居住環(huán)境。Global warming is primarily caused by the carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases from the burning of fossil fuels for energy by humans.The global average temperature is generally on a rise.We’ve seen a significant rise in global temperature since the 1980s.Global warming will result in the reallocation of global rainfall, the melting of glaciers, and the rise of see level.This will damage the balance of the ecosystem and threaten food supply and the living condition for human beings.B．英譯漢
As the biggest environmental meeting in history opens in Copenhagen, the scientific case for a global agreement to fight man-made climate change remains overwhelming.The furor over alleged data manipulation, following the theft of e-mails from the University of East Anglia, has stirred up the skeptics(and shaken some scientists)but Climategate does not alter the real issue – that, despite many uncertainties, the risks of catastrophic change justify decisive global action to cut carbon emissions.在有史以來(lái)規(guī)模最大的環(huán)境會(huì)議在哥本哈根開(kāi)幕之際，以科學(xué)為依據(jù)，達(dá)成一項(xiàng)以應(yīng)對(duì)人為造成的氣候變化的全球協(xié)議勢(shì)在必行。英國(guó)東英吉利大學(xué)的電子郵件被盜后，引發(fā)所謂數(shù)據(jù)操縱的轟動(dòng)，讓?xiě)岩烧哒駣^，也動(dòng)搖了某些科學(xué)家的觀點(diǎn)，但“氣候門(mén)”并未改變真正的議題，即盡管存在眾多不確定性，但地球氣候發(fā)生災(zāi)難性變化的種種風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，意味著有必要采取果斷的全球行動(dòng)，減少碳排放。
While political realities will not allow the negotiators to conclude a full-scale treaty in Copenhagen, they need to put in place the mechanisms to agree a binding deal next year.The conference must achieve a spirit of genuine progress – over and above the inevitable horse-trading and political fudging – which will convince not only politicians but also billions of individuals around the world that the fight against global warming is worth joining.Business planning, too, requires a predictable path to a decarbonized global economy.盡管政治現(xiàn)實(shí)不允許談判者在哥本哈根達(dá)成一項(xiàng)全面條約，但他們需要落實(shí)相關(guān)機(jī)制，以便在明年達(dá)成一個(gè)有約束力的協(xié)定。本次會(huì)議必須超越不可避免的討價(jià)還價(jià)和政治作勢(shì)并獲得實(shí)質(zhì)性進(jìn)展，讓世界各地的政界人士乃至數(shù)十億人相信：抗擊全球變暖是一項(xiàng)值得投入的事業(yè)。就商業(yè)規(guī)劃而言，也需要一條通向全球低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)的可預(yù)測(cè)的路徑。
Copenhagen has to make progress on several complex issues: emissions targets for developing and developed countries;financing adaptation and mitigation in poorer nations;technology transfer arrangements;and a governance structure to ensure compliance with agreed carbon targets.It would make sense to decant the more successful outcomes of Kyoto, such as its monitoring mechanism, into a new agreement – carefully relabelled, of course, for US consumption.哥本哈根會(huì)議必須在多個(gè)復(fù)雜的問(wèn)題上取得進(jìn)展：針對(duì)發(fā)展中國(guó)家和發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的排放指標(biāo)；資助較貧窮國(guó)家的適應(yīng)與緩解措施；技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)讓安排；以及一個(gè)管治架構(gòu)，確保商定的碳排放指標(biāo)得到遵守。應(yīng)當(dāng)傳承《京都協(xié)議書(shū)》比較成功的成果，比如其監(jiān)督機(jī)制，使之成為一份新的協(xié)定，當(dāng)然還要經(jīng)過(guò)精心的考慮措施，讓美國(guó)能夠接受。
20.Alternate Energies替代能源
There is a lot of energy that we can harness if we only seek to research and develop the technologies needed to do so.We can get away from the fossil fuels and the old electrical grids by turning to alternatives to these energy sources.只要我們努力去研究和開(kāi)發(fā)所需技術(shù)，有很多能源都可供我們利用。我們完全可以遠(yuǎn)離化石能源和老式電網(wǎng)，去使用這些替代能源。
One of these alternative energy resources is wind power.Wind turbines continue to be developed that are progressively more energy efficient and less costly.這些替代能源之一就是風(fēng)能。人們不斷開(kāi)發(fā)改進(jìn)風(fēng)力渦輪發(fā)電機(jī)使其更加節(jié)能也越來(lái)越便宜。
“Wind farms” have been springing up in many nations, and they have even become more strategically placed over time so that they are not jeopardizing birds as former wind turbines did.在很多國(guó)家建立起越來(lái)越多的“風(fēng)電廠”。而且，考慮到以前的風(fēng)力渦輪對(duì)鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)造成了危害，人們?cè)谠O(shè)置這些新的風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)時(shí)也更加注意了策略性。
Another alternative energy resource is the one that is most well known: solar energy.This involves the manufacturing of solar cells which gather and focus the energy given off directly by the sun, and translate it into electricity or, in some cases, hot water.As with wind energy, solar energy creates absolutely zero pollution.另外一種替代能源是為大家廣泛熟知的太陽(yáng)能。太陽(yáng)能技術(shù)需要生產(chǎn)太陽(yáng)能電池來(lái)聚集并收集太陽(yáng)光發(fā)出的能量，并將其轉(zhuǎn)變成電能或有時(shí)提取熱水。和風(fēng)能一樣，太陽(yáng)能是零污染能源。
Ocean wave energy is seen by governments and investors as having enormous energy generating potential.海洋潮汐能是被很多國(guó)家和投資商看好的擁有巨大潛力的能源。
A generator in France has been in operation for many years now and is considered to be a great success, and the Irish and Scots are running experimental facilities.在法國(guó)已經(jīng)有一個(gè)潮汐發(fā)電設(shè)施在運(yùn)行發(fā)電，幾年的運(yùn)行使用證明這項(xiàng)技術(shù)是成功的。愛(ài)爾蘭和蘇格蘭目前也正在測(cè)試他們的潮汐能發(fā)電設(shè)施。
Hydroelectric power has been with us for a while and where it is set up, it is a powerful generator of electricity and cleaner than a grid.水力發(fā)電已經(jīng)為人類(lèi)使用了相當(dāng)一段時(shí)間了，水力發(fā)電廠可以產(chǎn)生很多電能，比電網(wǎng)發(fā)電要更加清潔。
However, there are certain limitations to the availability of the right places to set up a large dam.Many run-of-the-river, or small and localized, hydroelectric generators have been set up in recent times due to this limitation.但是水力發(fā)電存在一定的制約一一不是每個(gè)地方都能建造大壩，因此水力發(fā)電并不能被廣泛使用。鑒于這些制約，最近，很多河床式發(fā)電廠，或者小型的水利發(fā)電設(shè)施已在興建。
Geothermal energy is extremely abundant, since it lies directly beneath our feet, just a few miles below the earth's surface.This energy is produced by the heating of water through the actions of earth's fantastically hot molten core.地?zé)崮艿膬?chǔ)量極其豐富，因?yàn)榈責(zé)崮芫驮谖覀兡_下，離地面只有幾英里的地下。地?zé)崮苁峭ㄟ^(guò)地球內(nèi)部的高溫熔巖活動(dòng)將地下水加熱而形成的能量。
The water turns to steam, which can be harnessed and used to drive turbine engines which in turn generate electricity.Great amounts of research and development should be put into geothermal energy tapping.這些被熔巖加熱的水變?yōu)檎羝?，這些蒸汽可用來(lái)驅(qū)動(dòng)渦輪機(jī)最終發(fā)電。我們應(yīng)該對(duì)地?zé)崮艿拈_(kāi)發(fā)利用做大量的研究。
Ethanol is a gasoline substitute and is created from such things as wheat, sugarcane, grapes, strawberries, corn, and even wood chips and wood cellulose.乙醇是汽油的替代品，它是由麥予、甘蔗、葡萄、草莓、玉米、木屑和木纖維這些物質(zhì)制成的。
There is controversy over this fuel with regards to its ever becoming truly economical or practical except in very localized areas, but technologies for its extraction and admixturing are continuously being refined.對(duì)于乙醇是否能成為既經(jīng)濟(jì)又實(shí)用而且沒(méi)有地域局限性的能源仍存在很多爭(zhēng)議，而乙醇的提取和混合的技術(shù)也正在不斷地改進(jìn)。
閱讀理解【題目及參考答案】
l.What are some of the advantages of wind power? Wind power is energy-efficient and less costly and it is clean．
2.How do the solar cells work? Solar cells gather and focus the energy given off directly by the sun，and translate it into electricity or hot water.3.Where in the world is ocean wave energy applied? Currently, it is used in France，Ireland and Scotland.4.How is geothermal power converted into electricity? The steam underground can be harnessed and used to drive turbine engines which can generate electricity.5.What is the controversy over the use of ethanol as a source of energy? The controversy is whether ethanol as a source of energy can be truly economical or practical except in very localized areas.【練習(xí)題目及參考答案】 A．漢譯英
清潔能源是不排放污染物的能源，它包括核能和“可再生能源”?？稍偕茉词侵缚梢酝ㄟ^(guò)自然現(xiàn)象補(bǔ)充的能源，如水力發(fā)電、風(fēng)力發(fā)電、太陽(yáng)能、生物能、海潮能這些能源。可再生能源不存在能源耗竭的可能，因此日益受到許多國(guó)家的重視，尤其是能源短缺的國(guó)家。Clean energy refers to energy sources that release zero pollutants.This includes nuclear energy and renewable energies.Renewable energy comes from natural processes that are replenished constantly, hydroelectric power, wind power, solar power, biofuels, tidal power are all renewable energy sources.Renewable energy sources are inexhaustible and therefore have attracted the attention of many countries, especially those with a great shortage of energy sources.B．英譯漢 The term “biomass” refers to organic matter that has stored energy through the process of photosynthesis.It exists in one form as plants and may be transferred through the food chain to animals' bodies and their wastes, all of which can be converted for everyday human use through processes such as combustion, which releases the carbon dioxide stored in the plant material.Many of the biomass fuels used today come in the form of wood products, dried vegetation, crop residues, and aquatic plants.Biomass has become one of the most commonly used renewable sources of energy in the last two decades, second only to hydropower in the generation of electricity.It is such a widely utilized source of energy, probably due to its low cost and indigenous nature, that it accounts for almost 15% of the world's total energy supply and as much as 35% in developing countries, mostly for cooking and heating.“生物質(zhì)”是指通過(guò)光合作用儲(chǔ)藏能量的有機(jī)物質(zhì)。它既能以植物的形式存在，也可以通過(guò)食物鏈轉(zhuǎn)化到動(dòng)物的身體和糞便中，通過(guò)燃燒提供人們每日所需的能量同時(shí)釋放出存在于這些物質(zhì)中的二氧化碳，許多我們現(xiàn)在使用的生物能都來(lái)自樹(shù)木、干蔬菜、莊稼殘留物以及水生植物。在過(guò)去的20年中，生物能是人們最常使用的可再生能源之一，在發(fā)電方面的作用，僅次于水力發(fā)電。生物能的應(yīng)用之所以如此廣泛，主要是因?yàn)槌杀镜秃推渥匀粚傩?。正因如此，在整個(gè)世界能源總供給中生物能就占了將近15%，而在發(fā)展中國(guó)家這一比例高達(dá)35%，主要用于烹飪（煮飯）和取暖。
There are two issues that affect the evaluation of biomass as a viable solution to our energy problem: the effects of the farming and production of biomass and the effects of the factory conversion of biomass into usable energy or electricity.There are as many environmental and economic benefits as there are detriments to each issue, which presents a difficult challenge in evaluating the potential success of biomass as an alternative fuel.For instance, the replacement of coal by biomass could result in “a considerable reduction in net carbon dioxide emissions that contribute to the greenhouse effect.” On the other hand, the use of wood and other plant material for fuel may mean deforestation.We are all aware of the problems associated with denuding forests, and widespread clear cutting can lead to groundwater contamination and irreversible erosion patterns that could literally change the structure of the world ecology.有兩大因素影響著生物能是否能成為解決能源問(wèn)題的切實(shí)可行的最終方案：有農(nóng)耕和生物質(zhì)產(chǎn)量的因素，還有將生物能轉(zhuǎn)化成可用能源或電力的工廠的因素。就每一個(gè)因素而言都存在著許多對(duì)環(huán)境和經(jīng)濟(jì)帶來(lái)的利益和危害。這就使人們很難將生物能作為最具潛力的替代能源。例如，生物質(zhì)替代煤會(huì)大大減少導(dǎo)致溫室效應(yīng)的碳排放，但另一方面，由于使用木材和其它植物材料又會(huì)出現(xiàn)采伐森林現(xiàn)象。我們都清楚伐光樹(shù)木和植物會(huì)帶來(lái)什么樣的問(wèn)題：地下水污染、不可逆轉(zhuǎn)的土壤侵蝕，這些還會(huì)導(dǎo)致整個(gè)世界生態(tài)系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)的徹底改變。
21.Biofuels生物燃料
In order to understand the role of biofuels going forward, we need to look at where we are in the evolution of energy – where Edwin Drake's discovery has taken us over 150 years.為了了解生物燃料的未來(lái)走向，我們需要搞清楚我們現(xiàn)在正處于能源發(fā)展過(guò)程中的哪個(gè)階段—150年前埃德溫?德雷克的發(fā)現(xiàn)將我們帶到了這個(gè)位置上。
The fact is that our world has become reliant on plentiful supplies of energy and current forecasts put us on course for a rise of anything up to 45% in demand for energy by the year 2030.事實(shí)上我們這個(gè)世界已經(jīng)變得非常依賴(lài)于豐富的能源供應(yīng)；目前的預(yù)測(cè)顯示，到2030年我們對(duì)能量的需求將增加45％。
Meeting this demand will be tough and it will require investment of at least $1 trillion a year.滿足這個(gè)需求將是很艱難的，這將需要每年至少l萬(wàn)億美元的投資。
So in terms of new fuels, biofuels are the primary means of bringing secure, sustainable, low-carbon fuel to vehicles in the next two decades.因此，就新的燃料而言，生物燃料是在未來(lái)20年實(shí)現(xiàn)為車(chē)輛提供安全、可持續(xù)發(fā)展和低碳排放的主要手段。
Crude oil is proving to be remarkably difficult to substitute.Biofuels are the only viable contender so far.Our projections suggest biofuels should account for up to 20% of the market by 2030the “resource curse.”這樣的實(shí)例極其常見(jiàn)，以至于人們給這種現(xiàn)象起了個(gè)“資源詛咒”的名字。
Resource curse applies specifically to poor countries that don't have a lot of sources of wealth to begin with, then there's a discovery of a major resourcethat suddenly becomes a major source of wealth for that country.資源詛咒這個(gè)說(shuō)法尤其適合于一開(kāi)始就沒(méi)有什么財(cái)富的貧困國(guó)家，石油或銅或金礦等重要資源的發(fā)現(xiàn)使得這些資源突然成了這個(gè)國(guó)家的主要財(cái)富來(lái)源。
Theoretically the development of that resource could produce great wealth for that nation, but historically it leads to the concentration of wealth in the hands of a fewand the exclusion of the majority from any benefit.理論上講這些資源的開(kāi)發(fā)會(huì)給擁有這一資源的國(guó)家?guī)?lái)巨大的財(cái)富，但是歷史證明這些財(cái)富卻集中到了一小部分人的手中——這些人壟斷著收取礦藏和石油的開(kāi)采費(fèi)，使得大多數(shù)人不能從這些財(cái)富中得到任何利益。
The result is repressive governments that cling to power, so they can monopolize the collection of resource wealth, and an impoverished populationoil or copper or goldnot only dripping from rusty platforms atop the delta waters, but in the water itself, in the air, which smelled of petroleum, and in the gas flares that are a scalding feature of the injured landscape.Because of a host of political and economic ills triggered by the drilling, the Niger Delta is alive not with marine life but with violencecountries with a lot of oil are lucky and rich, right?-a succession of studies show that countries dependent on natural-resource exports experience lower growth rates than countries that have nonresource economies, and they suffer greater amounts of repression and conflict too.The reasons are complex, but in general, a reliance on oil discourages investment in other industries, makes governments less responsive to the desires of citizens and fosters corruption by officials seeking and receiving funds that are not their due.An oil state is, almost by definition, a dysfunctional state.上述國(guó)家（還有其它許多國(guó)家）所遭受的損害，乃人們稱(chēng)為“資源詛咒”的種種癥狀。雖然這看起來(lái)違反直覺(jué)——擁有大量石油的國(guó)家是幸運(yùn)和富裕的，不是嗎？——但一系列研究表明，那些依賴(lài)自然資源出口的國(guó)家，其經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)率低于非資源經(jīng)濟(jì)型的國(guó)家，同時(shí)它們也遭受更大量的鎮(zhèn)壓與沖突。造成這一切的原因很復(fù)雜，但總的來(lái)說(shuō)，對(duì)石油的依賴(lài)阻礙了對(duì)其它產(chǎn)業(yè)的投資，使政府較少顧及國(guó)民的需求，而助長(zhǎng)了官員中尋求并接受不正當(dāng)資金的腐敗行為。一個(gè)石油出產(chǎn)國(guó)幾乎可以界定為一個(gè)功能失常的國(guó)家。
24.Company Management公司管理
Management in an organization can be in different levels.The larger the organization the more levels of management will be needed.公司管理層可以分為不同級(jí)別，公司越大，所需要的管理層級(jí)也越多。
In general, first-line managers are directly responsible for the production of goods or services.一般來(lái)說(shuō)，第一線經(jīng)理對(duì)商品的生產(chǎn)和服務(wù)直接負(fù)責(zé)。
They may be called sales managers, section heads or production supervisors, depending on the organization.根據(jù)企業(yè)的不同情況，他們可能被叫做銷(xiāo)售經(jīng)理、部門(mén)負(fù)責(zé)人或者生產(chǎn)監(jiān)督。
Employees who report to them do the organization's basic production work–whether of goods or of services.他們的下級(jí)雇員直接進(jìn)行企業(yè)中的基礎(chǔ)的商品生產(chǎn)或服務(wù)工作。
This level of management is the link between the operations of each department and the rest of the organization.這一層的管理是連接部門(mén)的經(jīng)營(yíng)和企業(yè)的其它部門(mén)之間的環(huán)節(jié)。
First-line managers in most organizations spend little time with higher management or with people from other organizations.大多數(shù)公司的第一線經(jīng)理極少花時(shí)間和高層管理人員或其他企業(yè)的人在一起。
Most of their time is spent with the people they supervise and with other first-line managers.First-line managers usually need strong technical expertise to teach subordinates and supervise their day-to-day tasks.他們的大部分時(shí)間都花在與他們所監(jiān)督的人和其他的一線經(jīng)理身上。第一線經(jīng)理通常需要豐富的專(zhuān)業(yè)技術(shù)來(lái)指導(dǎo)下屬并監(jiān)督他們的日常工作。
As an organization grows, however, so do its problems.Some managers at larger organizations must focus on coordinating employee activities, determining which products or services to provide, and deciding how to market these products or services to customers.隨著企業(yè)的不斷成長(zhǎng)，管理上就相應(yīng)出現(xiàn)一些難題。有些大企業(yè)的經(jīng)理必須集中精力來(lái)協(xié)調(diào)雇員的活動(dòng)，確定生產(chǎn)什么產(chǎn)品或提供什么服務(wù)，決定如何向顧客推銷(xiāo)這些產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)。
These are the problems of middle managers, who receive broad, general strategies and policies from top managers, and translate them into specific goals and plans for first-line managers to implement.這些是中層經(jīng)理們所面臨的問(wèn)題。中層經(jīng)理從高層經(jīng)理那兒接受總體的和一般的規(guī)劃和政策，然后把它們分解成具體的目標(biāo)和計(jì)劃，交給第一線經(jīng)理們?nèi)?shí)施。
Middle managers typically have titles such as department head, plant manager, and director of finance.They are responsible for directing and coordinating the activities of first-line managers.中層經(jīng)理通常有這樣一些頭銜：比如部門(mén)主任，工廠經(jīng)理和財(cái)務(wù)主任等。他們負(fù)責(zé)指導(dǎo)和協(xié)調(diào)第一線經(jīng)理的活動(dòng)。
Middle managers spend much of their time planning, organizing and leading to enable first-line managers and their subordinates to work as efficiently as possible.中層經(jīng)理用大部分的時(shí)間來(lái)計(jì)劃、組織、領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，以便使第一線的經(jīng)理和他們的部下能夠盡可能高效率地工作。
The overall direction of an organization is the responsibilities of top managers.Typical titles of top managers are chief executive officer, president, executive vice-president and so on.Top managers develop goals, policies, and strategies for the entire organization.高層經(jīng)理的責(zé)任是決定一個(gè)企業(yè)的總體方向。高層經(jīng)理的典型頭銜是首席執(zhí)行官、總裁和執(zhí)行副總裁等，高層經(jīng)理為整個(gè)企業(yè)制定目標(biāo)、政策和戰(zhàn)略。
They set the goals that are handed down through the hierarchy, eventually reaching each worker.他們確定企業(yè)奮斗目標(biāo)，然后通過(guò)逐級(jí)下傳，最終到達(dá)每個(gè)工人。
閱讀理解【題目及參考答案】 1.What is the main idea of this passage? The main idea of this text is the different levels of management in a company．
2.What are required of first-line managers? First-line managers need strong technical expertise to teach subordinates and supervise their day-to-day tasks.3.Who are the first-line managers responsible to? First-line managers are responsible to the middle managers．
4.In the sentence “These are the problems of middle managers, who receive broad, general strategies and policies from top managers and translate them into specific goals and plans for first-line managers to implement.” How do you understand the word “translate”? “Translate”here means“轉(zhuǎn)化為”、“變?yōu)椤薄?/p>
5.At an organization, people with what titles are regarded as top managers? Chief executive officer，president，executive vice-president．
【練習(xí)題目及參考答案】 A．漢譯英
每個(gè)企業(yè)都傾盡其力來(lái)對(duì)付如何組織企業(yè)這一問(wèn)題。組織結(jié)構(gòu)經(jīng)常需要反映出新的戰(zhàn)略、變化的市場(chǎng)條件以及創(chuàng)新的生產(chǎn)技術(shù)方面的影響。全世界的公司都在重新構(gòu)造自己，以便在當(dāng)今高度競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的全球環(huán)境中更精干、更有效、更靈活。Every firm wrestles with the problem of how to organize.Reorganization often is necessary to reflect a new strategy, changing market conditions, or innovative production technology.Companies throughout the world are restructuring to become leaner, more efficient and more flexible in today’s highly competitive global environment.B．英譯漢
There are many types of managers and many ways in which managerial jobs differ from each other.One difference is the scope of the activities being managed.The scope of activities performed by general managers is quite broad.經(jīng)理的種類(lèi)有很多,管理工作之間同樣存在很大差別。其中的一個(gè)差別就是管理工作所包含的范圍，公司總經(jīng)理從事的管理工作的范圍涉及面非常廣。
Functional managers supervise employees having expertise in one area, such as accounting, human resources, sales, finance, marketing, or production.For example, the head of a payroll department is a functional manager.That person doesn’t determine employee salaries, as a general manager might, but makes sure that payroll checks are issued on time and in the correct amounts.Usually, functional managers have a great deal of experience and technical expertise in the detailed knowledge they have about the work being done by the people they supervise, the problems those people are likely to face, and the resources they need to perform well.職能部門(mén)經(jīng)理通常管理某一專(zhuān)業(yè)領(lǐng)域的員工，如財(cái)務(wù)、人力資源、銷(xiāo)售、金融、市場(chǎng)或生產(chǎn)等。薪酬管理部門(mén)的主任就是職能部門(mén)經(jīng)理。職能部門(mén)經(jīng)理不像公司總經(jīng)理那樣有決定員工工資多少的權(quán)利，但是他們必須確保工資準(zhǔn)時(shí)準(zhǔn)確發(fā)放。通常而言，職能部門(mén)經(jīng)理對(duì)所管理部門(mén)的工作領(lǐng)域都具有豐富的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和具體的相關(guān)知識(shí)，并且能夠熟知部門(mén)員工可能會(huì)遇到的問(wèn)題以及如何把本部門(mén)工作做好所需的必要資源。
General Managers are responsible for the operations of a more complex unit, such as a company.Usually they oversee the work of functional managers.General Managers must have a broad range of well-developed competencies to do their jobs well.These competencies can be learned through a combination of formal training and various job assignments, or they can be learned simply in the course of trying to adapt and survive in a chosen area.總經(jīng)理負(fù)責(zé)經(jīng)營(yíng)一個(gè)更加復(fù)雜的實(shí)體，比如公司。通常他們監(jiān)督職能部門(mén)經(jīng)理的工作?？偨?jīng)理們必須具備多種良好的能力才能把公司管理好。這些能力可以在正規(guī)培訓(xùn)和不同工作實(shí)踐中獲取，也可以簡(jiǎn)單地在某一領(lǐng)域的實(shí)際拼搏中獲得。
25.Recruitment Drives Take Talent from Wide Pool建立多元化人才庫(kù)
Widening the pool from which top employers hire graduates when there are not enough jobs to go round smacks of poor timing.在工作崗位不夠分配的當(dāng)下，擴(kuò)充人才庫(kù)，以便讓頂尖雇主從中招聘畢業(yè)生，頗有些不合時(shí)宜的味道。
But that is the goal that Leading London, an initiative launched by London First, the employers group, and a recruitment consultants, has set itself.但這正是雇主團(tuán)體倫敦發(fā)展局與一家招聘咨詢公司聯(lián)合發(fā)起的“Leading London”項(xiàng)目為自己設(shè)定的目標(biāo)。
The program aims to talent-spot students from diverse backgrounds studying at post-1992 universities(former polytechnics), and introduce them to City employers and blue-chip corporations.該項(xiàng)目旨在物色來(lái)自1992后大學(xué)（即過(guò)去的技術(shù)學(xué)院）不同專(zhuān)業(yè)的學(xué)生，再把他們介紹給倫敦金融城的雇主和一流企業(yè)。
Advocates of the program say action to promote social mobility has never been more necessary.該項(xiàng)目的倡導(dǎo)者表示，增進(jìn)社會(huì)流動(dòng)性的需求從未如此迫切。
When the economy was booming, employers saw under-represented groups, such as ethnic minorities, lower social income groups and women, as “hidden talent pools”.Now, however, many diversity programs are being squeezed.在經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮時(shí)期，雇主將少數(shù)族裔、社會(huì)收入較低的人群、以及女性等弱勢(shì)群體視為“隱藏的人才庫(kù)”。而如今，許多人才多元化項(xiàng)目都受到擠壓。
Leading London, which has been piloted by London Metropolitan University, uses a novel method to bring potential stars to the attention of the initiative's corporate sponsors.It asks tutors and undergraduates to nominate final year students who have shown enterprise and exceptional leadership.Leading London項(xiàng)目先在倫敦城市大學(xué)試點(diǎn)，邀請(qǐng)導(dǎo)師和在校大學(xué)生推薦那些表現(xiàn)出事業(yè)心和卓越領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力的大四學(xué)生，用這種新穎的方式，讓潛在的杰出人才引起項(xiàng)目的企業(yè)贊助商的關(guān)注。
Supporters argue that diversity is about more than social justice.贊助商們認(rèn)為，多元化的意義不僅僅在于社會(huì)公平。
They say companies need diversity of thought to innovate, and employing people with varied life-experiences can help businesses relate to their clients.他們表示，企業(yè)要?jiǎng)?chuàng)新，就需要多元化的思維，而雇用生活經(jīng)歷各不相同的員工，能幫助企業(yè)與客戶良好地溝通。
“If we have a diverse client base, we should also have a diverse workforce,” says Fatimah Gilliam, director of diversity recruitment at Citigroup in New York.花旗集團(tuán)紐約多元化招聘主管法蒂瑪?吉列姆表示：“如果我們的客戶群十分多元化，那我們也應(yīng)該擁有多元化的員工隊(duì)伍?！?/p>
How can businesses maximize the payback from diversity initiatives? One answer is by collaborating and spreading the cost of recruitment marketing.企業(yè)怎樣才能將多元化項(xiàng)目的回報(bào)最大化呢？一種辦法是進(jìn)行合作，分?jǐn)傉衅竿平榛顒?dòng)的費(fèi)用。
This arguably does more to make target groups aware of career opportunities than fragmented initiatives funded by individual employers.相對(duì)于由單個(gè)雇主資助的獨(dú)立項(xiàng)目，這更容易讓目標(biāo)群發(fā)現(xiàn)工作機(jī)會(huì)。
閱讀理解【題目及參考答案】
1．What’s the goal of “Leading London”? The goal of “Leading London” is to widen the pool from which top employers hire graduates when there are not enough jobs to go around.2．Who are seen as “hidden talent pools”? It refers to the under-represented groups, such as ethnic minorities, lower social income groups and women.3．What is the “novel method to bring potential stars to the attention of the initiative’s corporate sponsors”? The novel method is to ask tutors and undergraduates to nominate final year students who have shown enterprise and exceptional leadership.4．Why do companies need diversity? Diversity can help businesses relate to their clients since companies have diversified client base.5．How could the employers make target groups aware of career opportunities? One of the methods is by collaborating and spreading the cost of recruitment marketing.【練習(xí)參考答案】 A．漢譯英 1.企業(yè)像擰水龍頭一樣啟動(dòng)和停止項(xiàng)目，這種做法是錯(cuò)誤的，因?yàn)橹挥谐志玫耐顿Y，才能建立起多元化的人才庫(kù)。Businesses that turn programs on and off like a tap have got it wrong because a diverse talent pool call only be built through sustained investment．
2.她的公司最近就發(fā)起了一項(xiàng)開(kāi)放周（access week）活動(dòng)，讓倫敦一些貧困地區(qū)(deprived boroughs)的公立學(xué)校學(xué)生前來(lái)感受辦公室的生活。Her firm recently launched an access week to bring state school students from deprived London boroughs into its offices．
3.一個(gè)23歲的學(xué)生16歲初到英國(guó)時(shí)，還是一個(gè)不懂英語(yǔ)的避難者(asylum seeker)。后來(lái)他成為了一名社區(qū)志愿者，學(xué)習(xí)會(huì)計(jì)和金融學(xué)，并榮獲一等學(xué)位(first class degree)。One 23-year-old student who arrived in Britain as a 16-year-old asylum seeker and was unable to speak English，went on to become a community volunteer，studied accounting and finance，and earned himself a first class degree B．英譯漢
HR policy and diversity manager at Allen & Overy, the law firm, says businesses that turn programmes on and off like a tap have got it wrong because a diverse talent pool can only be built through sustained investment.“Coming out of the recession, we need to make sure we have the best people,” she says.安理國(guó)際律師事務(wù)所人力資源政策及多元化經(jīng)理表示,那些像擰水龍頭一樣啟動(dòng)和停止項(xiàng)目的企業(yè)，其做法是錯(cuò)誤的，因?yàn)橹挥谐志玫耐顿Y，才能建立起多元化的人才庫(kù)。她表示：“擺脫衰退后，我們需要確保自己擁有最優(yōu)秀的人才”。
Head of graduate recruitment at KPMG, a sponsor of Leading London, says finding people who excel “both on and off campus” is an important part of the scheme.Overcoming setbacks is a great “transferable skill”.畢馬威(KPMG)是Leading London項(xiàng)目贊助商之一。該公司畢業(yè)生招聘主管表示，物色“校園內(nèi)外”都表現(xiàn)出色的人才，是該計(jì)劃的一個(gè)重要組成部分。戰(zhàn)勝挫折是一項(xiàng)重要的“通用技能”
Graduate recruitment partner at Herbert Smith, the law firm, says the onus is on companies to push for high standards by asking organisers of programmes such as Leading London: “Out of every hundred candidates who enrol with you, how many are hired by target employers?”密夫律師事務(wù)所畢業(yè)生招聘合伙人表示，企業(yè)有責(zé)任高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求，詢問(wèn)Leading London之類(lèi)的項(xiàng)目組織者：“你登記的求職者中，有百分之幾被目標(biāo)雇主雇用了?”
Sponsors for Educational Opportunity, a non-profit organisation that operates in the US, London and Hong Kong, works to develop interns' interpersonal skills and technical understanding to the point where they outperform their peers.非營(yíng)利組織“教育的機(jī)會(huì)”的發(fā)起者們努力培養(yǎng)實(shí)習(xí)生的人際關(guān)系能力和技術(shù)理解力，使他們超越自己的同齡人。該組織在美國(guó)、倫敦和香港都設(shè)有分支機(jī)構(gòu)。
“An internship is effectively a 10-week interview,” says executive director of SEO London.“When our interns start their internships, their industry knowledge is far higher than you would normally expect.” SEO London執(zhí)行董事表示：“實(shí)習(xí)實(shí)際上就是一次為期10周的面試。我們的實(shí)習(xí)生開(kāi)始實(shí)習(xí)生活時(shí)，他們的行業(yè)知識(shí)要遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)高出你通常的預(yù)期”。
Last year, SEO London's partner banks, which include Goldman Sachs, Citi, JPMorgan Chase and Morgan Stanley, each took an average of 18 SEO interns(16 this year)and more than 80 per cent were offered permanent positions.去年，高盛、花旗、摩根大通和摩根士丹利等SEO London的銀行合作伙伴，平均各接收了l8名SE0的實(shí)習(xí)生(今年為16名)，其中八成以上最后都得到了永久性的職位。
Employers have yet to figure out how best to co-ordinate diversity policies globally, given that different governments vary in their support for such schemes.鑒于各國(guó)政府對(duì)待此類(lèi)計(jì)劃的態(tài)度相去甚遠(yuǎn)，雇主們?nèi)员仨毰宄?，如何才能在全球范圍?nèi)最有效地協(xié)調(diào)多元化政策。
Professor of ageing and ethnicity at the University of Central Lancashire, says some governments “don't even require firms to monitor the ethnic mix of staff”.英國(guó)中央蘭開(kāi)夏大學(xué)研究老齡化及種族問(wèn)題教授表示，一些國(guó)家政府“甚至不要求公司調(diào)整員工的種族比例”。
The law firm Freshfields, Bruckhaus Deringer, a Leading London sponsor, has appointed a global diversity committee to attract ethnic minorities and women.“There is a need for co-ordination,” says a partner in Rome.“But, we cannot have a master plan that is implemented everywhere.”律師事務(wù)所Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer也是Leading London項(xiàng)目的贊助商之一。該公司已指定一家全球多元化委員會(huì)，來(lái)吸引少數(shù)族裔和女性。該公司駐羅馬的合伙人表示：“企業(yè)有必要進(jìn)行協(xié)作。不過(guò)，我們無(wú)法制定一項(xiàng)放之四海皆準(zhǔn)的總體規(guī)劃”。
26.Tips for Job Seekers找工作的秘訣
You're in-between jobs and you want to be productive in the meantime.Here are seven ways to keep yourself busy.如果你目前正處在找工作階段而且期望在此期間有所收獲的話，下面就是一些可以讓你忙碌起來(lái)的方法。
Get a short-term continuing education.Enroll in academic modules or attend seminars related to your field.參加一些短期繼續(xù)教育培訓(xùn)。你可以報(bào)名參加模塊式學(xué)術(shù)培訓(xùn)或與你的領(lǐng)域相關(guān)的學(xué)術(shù)研討會(huì)。
For example, if you're into sales, be on the lookout for seminars that teach you how to negotiate or how to handle sales objections.You don't always have to spend just to build your skills.比如，如果你是做銷(xiāo)售的，你就可以找一些有關(guān)如何談判或怎樣實(shí)現(xiàn)銷(xiāo)售目標(biāo)這樣的研討會(huì)。要知道提升技能并不一定要花錢(qián)。
Search the net for free study modules.Be on the look out for free workshops in the newspapers.Check bulletin boards and announcements.你可以在網(wǎng)上找到免費(fèi)的學(xué)習(xí)模塊，也可以在報(bào)紙上找到不收費(fèi)的研討會(huì)學(xué)習(xí)信息。布告欄和廣播都是你發(fā)現(xiàn)這些學(xué)習(xí)信息的來(lái)源。
You'll be surprised at the wealth of educational events you can attend without having to compromise your financial situation.只要你去找，你就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)你可以不花一分錢(qián)就能找到豐富的學(xué)習(xí)資源和機(jī)會(huì)。
Freelance.You don't need to be employed to earn a living especially if you are in the service business like writing, graphic designing, interior decorating, etc.做一名自由職業(yè)者。謀生并不一定非要找個(gè)老板，這種情況尤其適合那些從事服務(wù)行業(yè)的人群，比如：作家、繪畫(huà)設(shè)計(jì)、室內(nèi)裝修等等。
Freelancing is also one of the best ways to market yourself.When you do projects for a lot of people, you'll widen your network of clients and possible future employers.從事自由職業(yè)還是一個(gè)推銷(xiāo)自己的最好方式。在你為很多人做項(xiàng)目的同時(shí)，你也拓寬了你的客戶網(wǎng)，說(shuō)不定這些客戶當(dāng)中會(huì)有你將來(lái)的老板呢。
Before advertising vacancies, people usually tend to hire people whom they are already acquainted with.在發(fā)布招聘廣告前，人們一般會(huì)先考慮聘用他們熟悉的人。
If you are well-liked by the people you work with and you give good value for their money, you'll be certain to get an interesting job offer when the right time comes.如果你被客戶所欣賞，合作時(shí)又讓他們物有所值，當(dāng)合適的時(shí)機(jī)到來(lái)時(shí)，你肯定會(huì)收到一份滿意的工作邀請(qǐng)。
Learn a new skill.Explore your talents and get into new interests.Play with your creativity.學(xué)一門(mén)新手藝?？梢匀ラ_(kāi)發(fā)一下你的天賦和全新的興趣。施展你的創(chuàng)造力。
Learn how to make scented candles, teddy bears or do floral arrangements.The important thing is to spend your time productively and to have fun.你可以學(xué)學(xué)如何去制作香燭、泰迪熊，或?qū)W學(xué)插花。不論你做什么，重要的是把時(shí)間花得有成效、有意義。
Then, explore the possibility of going into business with your new skills.Some of the most successful ventures started out as hobbies.掌握了這門(mén)新技術(shù)之后，你就可以考慮在這一行找份工作了。要知道有一些最成功的企業(yè)就是從業(yè)余愛(ài)好開(kāi)始起步的。
People who enjoy what they're doing, or those who treat work like play tend to be good at what they do.Even if you find a job later on, you can still moonlight your new skills.享受工作或把工作當(dāng)成樂(lè)趣的人一般都會(huì)把工作做好。即使在將來(lái)找到了新工作，你也可以把這門(mén)新手藝當(dāng)做第三職業(yè)去做。
Keep up a proactive job search.These days, it's hard to find a job.More often, you might find yourself sending a lot of applications than you are receiving replies.要不斷主動(dòng)地尋找工作機(jī)會(huì)。現(xiàn)在找工作不是一件容易的事。大多數(shù)時(shí)候你寄出去的求職信要遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)多于你所收到的回復(fù)。
If that happens, don't despair.The best opportunities usually come to those who make the biggest effort.不要因此灰心，因?yàn)樽詈玫臋C(jī)會(huì)永遠(yuǎn)惠顧做好最充分準(zhǔn)備的人。
Don't tire in regularly sending applications and searching various mediums for job opportunities.也不要因不斷地寄求職信和在媒體上搜索工作空缺職位而煩惱。
Search online recruitment sites.Build your portfolio and knock on company doors.You'll never know when you'll hit the mark.嘗試一下招聘網(wǎng)站。設(shè)計(jì)自己的求職宣傳冊(cè)并親自到不同的公司做一下自我推銷(xiāo)，說(shuō)不定哪一天你想要的工作就在那兒等著你呢。
閱讀理解【題目及參考答案】
1.What does “in-between jobs” in the first paragraph possible mean? It possibly means you quit your old job and are now looking for a new job．
第三篇：職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ) 詞匯
Accused of=charged with Allocate=distribute=assign Anyhow=anyway Abnormal=unusual Abrupt=sudden Astonish=shock=surprise account for=explain accelerate=step up accumulate=collect abandon=give up abundant=plentiful appalling=dreadful annoy=irritate assert=state authentically=genuinely abide by=stick to
minute=slight
disorder=confusion
investigate=look into
numerous=many
obvious=clear
Odd=strange
participate in=take part in
preserve=keep
previously=before
pull up=stop
perceive=notice
possess=own
substantial=significant
spur=encourage
coverage=reportage
mildly=gently
inevitable=certain
isolate=solitary
call of=cancel make up one’s mind=decide
Now and then=occasionally=sometimes find fault with=criticize grasp=take hold of
Consideration=account
tolerate=put up with
lately=recently Manual=physical
harness=utilise(utilize)
resident=occupant
steadily=continuously draft==formulate practically=almost endeavor=try=test
seldom=rarely
Readily=willingly shine=polish decent=honest
Lethal=Deadly=fatal insist on=demand speed=velocity
Physician=doctor particularly=especially
safe=secure
branch=division
childish=immature
barren=bare
achieve=attain
capability=ability
in conjunction=together Credible=convincing
diligent=hardworking
diverse=varied
faulty=wrong Gorgeous=lovely
persist=continue
regulate=control
scatter=separate
Stand point=point of view touching=moving
vanish=disappear
phase=stage
Deter=inhibit=prevent
porcelain=china prior to=before
last=past
conscientious=careful
endeavor=try
eternal=everlasting depict=describe
deliberately=intentionally
vague=imprecise
Summit=top of mountain census=count
duplicate=copy
ban=forbid
Legal=lawful
mock=laugh at
omit=fail
orthodox=conventional
Outrageous=unacceptable
scare=frighten hail=acclaim Principal organizers=planners postulate=assume extinction=dying out
mighty=very strong Eligible=entitled=qualified firmly permit=allow Recommend=propose=suggest Regret=sorry
rely on=depend on
remove=take off
Break=beat provoke=elicit gangster=violent criminals
framework=skeleton
densely=compactly
fascinate=intrigue settle=solve
widen=broaden
shabby=unfair
uneasy=anxious Demolish=pull down adverse=unfavorable concise=short and clear courteous=respectable invaluable=extremely
border on=close to
condense=compress
Attribute=quality
likely=possible quarter=fourth Attend to=wait on
limited=small
Regardless of=whatever
realized=fulfill
Satisfactorily=acceptably
Bearing=influence
for love or money=at any price
Foster=cultivate
immediately=right away cater for=meet arouse=excite
severe=hard
Confidential=secret
gain=put on
gather=assemble
call up=telephone
get up=arise
collide with=run into
Compel=force remainder=rest
Final=last
realize=know
massive=extensive
damaging=harmful Look for=try to find
comprehend=understand
at stake=in danger
scene=location
pressing=urgent contend=argue
outcome=result
complain=feel unhappy
effect=result
while=although
Consume=waste
turn out =produce
move=stir
restrict=confine
stand to reason=seem logical Tough=strong
nearest=closest to
shrink=contract
abrupt=unexpected
gain=profit Cut in=interrupt
explore=investigate
deadly=fatal
accumulate=collect recommend=suggest fluctuate=change
irritate=annoy
weary=tired
contaminate=pollute
exhaustive=very thorough
fascinate=attractive
gauge=assess
let=rent
tremble=shake
stroll=walk
deduce=derive
tolerate=put up with
allocate=assign
massive=extensive
cater for=meet(黑體部分已考)dimly=faintly
Remedy=cure
Extract=take out
Consolidate=strengthen contaminate=pollute distress=hazard=danger
Exhibit=show
notably=particularly
motive=reasons
improved=better Lure=attraction
Probe=explore=investigate
tremble=shake(shook)
widen=broaden
alleviate=lessen convert=change
Collaborate=cooperate
deduce=derive
Poorly=inadequately useful Insane=crazy
exhaustive=extremely
thorough
ingenious=clever
eligible=entitled=qualified wholesome=Vigorous=healthy abide by=adhere to=stick to without bias=fairly Terminate=put an end to
第四篇：職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)高頻詞匯
2011年職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)高頻詞匯
1.abide by(=be faithful to;obey)忠于;遵守
2.be absent from....缺席，不在
3.absence or mind(=being absent-minded)心不在焉
4.absorb(=take up the attention of)吸引……的注意力(被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài));be absorbed in 全神注貫注于……近;be engrossed in;be lost in;be rapt in;be concentrated on;be focused on;be centered on
5.(be)abundant in(be rich in;be well supplied with)富于，富有
6.access(to)(不可數(shù)名詞)能接近，進(jìn)入，了解
7.by accident(=by chance, accidentally)偶然地，意外。Without accident(=safely)安全地
8.of one’s own accord(=without being asked;willingly;freely)自愿地，主動(dòng)地
9.in accord with 與……一致
out of one’s accord with 同……不一致
10.with one accord(=with everybody agreeing)一致地
11.in accordance with(=in agreement with)依照，根據(jù)
12.on one’s own account
1)為了某人的緣故，為了某人自己的利益
2)(=at one’s own risk)自行負(fù)責(zé)
3)(=by oneself)依靠自己
on account 賒賬;on account of 因?yàn)?on no account 不論什么原因也不;of ……account 有……重要性。
13.take...into account(=consider)把……考慮進(jìn)去
14.give sb.an account of 說(shuō)明，解釋(理由)
15.account for(=give an explanation or reason for)解釋?zhuān)f(shuō)明
16.on account of(=because of)由于，因?yàn)?/p>
17.on no account(=in no case, for no reason)絕不要，無(wú)論如何不要(放句首時(shí)句子要倒裝)
18.accuse...of...(=charge...with;blame sb.for sth.;blame sth.on sb.;complain about)指控，控告
19.be accustomed to(=be in the habit of, be used to)習(xí)慣于
20.be acquainted with(=to have knowledge of)了解;(=to have met socially)熟悉
21.act on 奉行，按照……行動(dòng);act as 扮演;act for代理
22.adapt oneself to(=adjust oneself to)使自己適應(yīng)于
23.adapt...(for)(=make sth.Suitable for a new need)改編，改寫(xiě)(以適應(yīng)新的需要)
24.in addition(=besides)此外，又，加之
25.in addition to(=as well as, besides, other than)除……外
26.adhere to(=abide by, conform to, comply with, cling to, insist on, persist in, observe, opinion, belief)粘附;堅(jiān)持，遵循
27.adjacent(=next to, close to)毗鄰的，臨近的 28.adjust..(to)(=change slightly)調(diào)節(jié);適應(yīng)
29.admit of(=be capable of, leave room for)……的可能，留有……的余地
30.in advance(before in time)預(yù)告，事先
31.to advantage 有利的，使優(yōu)點(diǎn)更加突出地
32.have an advantage over 勝過(guò)
have the advantage of 由于……處于有利條件
have the advantage of sb.知道某人所不知道的事
33.take advantage of(=make the best of, utilize, make use of, profit from, harness)利用
34.agree with 贊同(某人意見(jiàn))agree to 同意
35.in agreement(with)同意，一致
36.ahead of 在……之前，超過(guò)……，……ahead of time 提前
37.in the air 1)不肯定，不具體。2)在謠傳中
38.above all(=especially, most important of all)尤其是，最重要的 39.in all(=counting everyone or everything, altogether)總共，總計(jì)
40.after all 畢竟，到底;(not)at all 一點(diǎn)也不;all at once(=suddenly)突然;once and for all 只此一次;above all 最重要的;first of all 首先;all in all 大體上說(shuō);be all in 累極了;all but 幾乎
41.allow for(=take into consideration, take into account)考慮到，估計(jì)到。
42.amount to(=to be equal to)總計(jì)，等于
43.answer for(undertake responsibility for, be liable for, take charge for)對(duì)……負(fù)責(zé)
44.answer to(=conform to)適合，符合
45.be anxious about 為……焦急不安;或anxious for
46.apologize to sb.for sth.為……向……道歉
47.appeal to sb.for sth.為某事向某人呼吁。appeal to sb.對(duì)某人有吸引力
48.apply to sb.for sth.為……向……申請(qǐng);apply for 申請(qǐng);apply to 適用。
49.apply to 與……有關(guān);適用
50.approve of(=consent to, be in favor of, favor, agree to, consider good, right)贊成，approve vt.批準(zhǔn)
51.arise from(=be caused by)由……引起
52.arrange for sb./sth.to do sth.安排……做……
53.arrive on到達(dá);arrive at 到達(dá)某地(小地方);得出，作出;arrive in 到達(dá)某地(大地方);
54.be ashamed of(=feel shame, guilt or sorrow because of sth.done)以……為羞恥
55.assure sb.of sth.(=try to cause to believe or trust in sth.)向……保證，使……確信
56.attach(to)(=to fix, fasten;join)縛，系，結(jié)
57.make an attempt at doing sth.(to do sth.)試圖做……
58.attend to(=give one’s attention, care and thought)注意，照顧;attend on(upon)(=wait upon, serve, look after)侍候，照料
59.attribute to/ toward ……對(duì)……的態(tài)度、看法
60.attribute...to...(=to believe sth.to be the result of...)把……歸因于……，認(rèn)為……是……的結(jié)果
61.on the average(=on average, on an average)平均
62.(be)aware of(=be conscious of, having knowledge or consciousness)意識(shí)到，知道
63.at the back of(=behind)在……后面
64.in the back of 在……后部(里面);on the back of 在……后部(外面);be on one’s back(=be ill in bed)臥病不起
65.at one’s back(=supporting or favoring sb.)支持，維護(hù);have sb.at one’s back 有……支持，有……作后臺(tái)
66.turn one’s back on sb.(=turn away from sb.in an impolite way)不理睬(某人)，背棄，拋棄
67.behind one’s back 背著某人(說(shuō)壞話)
68.be based on/upon 基于
69.on the basis of 根據(jù)……，在……基礎(chǔ)上
70.beat...at 在……運(yùn)動(dòng)項(xiàng)目上打贏
71.begin with 以……開(kāi)始。to begin with(=first of all)首先，第一(經(jīng)常用于開(kāi)始語(yǔ))
72.on behalf of(=as the representative of)以……名義
73.believe in(=have faith or trust in;consider sth./sb.to be true)相信，依賴(lài)，信仰
74.benefit(from)受益，得到好處。
75.for the benefit of 為了……的利益(好處)
76.for the better 好轉(zhuǎn)
77.get the better of(=defeat sb.)打敗，勝過(guò)
78.by birth 在出生上，論出身，按血統(tǒng) at birth 在出生時(shí);give birth to 出生
79.blame sb.for sth.因……責(zé)備某人
blame sth.on sb.把……推在某人身上
80.in blossom 開(kāi)花(指樹(shù)木)be in blossom 開(kāi)花(強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài))come into blossom 開(kāi)花(強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作)
81.on board 到船上，在船上，上火車(chē)或飛機(jī)
82.boast of(or about)吹噓
83.out of breath 喘不過(guò)氣來(lái)
84.in brief(=in as few words as possible)簡(jiǎn)言之
85.in bulk成批地，不散裝的 86.take the floor 起立發(fā)言
87.on business 出差辦事
88.be busy with sth.于某事
be busy doing sth.忙于做某事
89.last but one 倒數(shù)第二
90.but for(=without)要不是。表示假設(shè)
91.buy sth.for...money 用多少錢(qián)買(mǎi)
92.be capable of 能夠，有能力
be capable of being + 過(guò)去分詞：是能夠被……的
93.in any case(=for love or money, at any rate, at any price, at any cost, whatever happens;anyhow)無(wú)論如何
94.in case(=for fear that)萬(wàn)一
95.in case of(=in the event of)如果發(fā)生……萬(wàn)一
in the case of 至于……，就……而言
96.in no case 在任何情況下都不(放句首倒裝句)
97.be cautious of 謹(jǐn)防
98.center one’s attention on(=focus one’s attention on)把某人的注意力集中在……上
99.be certain of(=be sure of)有把握，一定。
100.for certain of(=for sure)肯定地，有把握地
101.by chance(= accidentally, by accident)偶然
102.for a change 換換環(huán)境(花樣等)
103.charge sb.with ……控告某人犯有……
104.in charge of(=responsible for)負(fù)責(zé)(某事)
in the charge of ……由……管
105.take charge of(=to be or become responsible for)負(fù)責(zé)管理(照顧)
106.charge...for 因……索取(費(fèi)用)
charge sb.with sth.控告某人犯有……
107.round the clock(=all day and all night, usually without stopping)晝夜不停地
108.comment on評(píng)論
109.commit oneself to 使自己承擔(dān)…… commit sb.to prison 把某人送進(jìn)監(jiān)獄;commit one’s idea to writing 把某人的想法寫(xiě)下來(lái);commit a matter to a committee 把某事交給委員會(huì)討論
110.in common(和……)有共同之處，共用
be common to sb.是與某人所共有的
111.keep company with(=be friendly and go out together)和……要好
112.compare...with...把……與……比較
113.compare...to...把……比作……
114.by comparison 比較起來(lái)
115.in comparison with(=in contrast to)和……比起來(lái)
116.compensate for(=give sth.to make up for)補(bǔ)償，賠償，彌補(bǔ) compensate sb.for sth.賠償，彌補(bǔ)
117.complain of(or about)抱怨;訴苦;控告;complain about 抱怨某人或事情;complain to sb.about sth.(or sb.)向某人抱怨……;complain(抱怨);complement(補(bǔ)充);compliment(恭維)
118.comply with(=act in accordance with a demand, order, rule etc.)遵守，依從
119.conceive of(think of, imagine, consider)想象，設(shè)想
120.concentrate on(or upon)集中，專(zhuān)心
121.be concerned with(=about)與……有關(guān)
122.concern oneself about/with 關(guān)心
123.in conclusion(=as the last thing)最后一點(diǎn);at the conclusion of 當(dāng)……結(jié)束時(shí)
124.condemn sb.to 判決
125.on condition that(=if)以……為條件，假如
in that = because 因?yàn)?/p>
now that = since 既然
126.in/out of condition(=thoroughly healthy or fit/not fit)健康狀況好/不好
in good(bad)condition 處于良好(壞)狀態(tài)
127.confess(to)(to = admit a fault, crime, or sth.wrong)承認(rèn)，供認(rèn)
confess to a crime承認(rèn)罪行
128.confide in(=to talk freely to sb.about one’s secret)對(duì)……講真心話，依賴(lài)
129.in confidence 推心置腹地;
with confidence 滿懷信心地;
have confidence in 對(duì)……有信心，130.confidence in sb./sth.對(duì)……的信賴(lài)
131.be confident of 有信心
confidential 機(jī)密的
132.confine...to...把……限制在某范圍內(nèi)
133.confirm sb.in 使某人更堅(jiān)定(信念等)
134.conform to(=be in agreement with, comply with)符合，遵照，遵守;l)obey服從;2)observe;3)comply with照……辦;4)keep to遵循;5)abide by服從;6)stick to按……做
135.be confronted with(=be brought face to face with)面對(duì)，面臨
136.congratulate sb.on 祝賀
137.in connection with(=with regard to)關(guān)于
138.be conscious of(=be aware of)覺(jué)察，知道
139.consent to(=give agreement to permission)同意
140.in consequence(=as a result)結(jié)果
141.in consequence of(=as a consequence of)由于……的結(jié)果
142.under consideration 在考慮中
143.in consideration of(=in return for, on account of, because of)由于
144.on no consideration(in no case)無(wú)論如何也不
145.take...into consideration(=take account of, take...into account)考慮到，把……考慮進(jìn)去
146.considerate(=thoughtful of the needs)體貼的，考慮他人需要的，considerable相當(dāng)大的，值得考慮的
147.consist of(=be composed of)由……組成的。consist in主要在于。consist with符合，與……一致
148.be consistent with(=be in agreement with)與……一致。be consistent in一貫的
149.consult sb.on/ about sth.向……征求……方面的意見(jiàn)，就……向……請(qǐng)教
150.to one’s heart’s content 盡情地，痛痛快快
151.be content with(=be satisfied with)滿足于 be content to do sth.愿意做某事
152.contrary to(=in opposition to)與……相反
153.on the contrary 相反
154.contrast...with 把……與……相對(duì)(對(duì)照)
155.in contrast to/with 和……形成對(duì)比 by contrast 對(duì)比之下
156.contribute to 有助于
157.under control(被)控制住 out of control 無(wú)法控制
158.at one’s convenience(=where and when it suits one)在方便的時(shí)間或地點(diǎn)be convenient to / for 對(duì)……方便
159.convince sb.of(=cause sb.to believe or feel certain;to persuade sb.)使某人確信，try to persuade sb.to do sth.勸說(shuō)某人做……
160.cope with(=deal with, try to find a solution to)應(yīng)付，處理
161.in the corner(of)在角落里;on(at)the comer of a street 在街道拐彎處;round the comer 拐過(guò)彎;be in a tight corner 陷入困境
162.correspond(with)(=exchange letters regularly)通信
163.correspond to 相當(dāng)于 correspond with 符合，一致
164.at all costs不惜任何代價(jià) at the cost of 以……為代價(jià)
165.a matter of course 理所當(dāng)然的事
166.as a matter of course 當(dāng)然地，自然地
167.in(during)the course 在……過(guò)程中
168.in due course(=without to much delay)沒(méi)經(jīng)過(guò)太久，到一定時(shí)候
169.on credit 賒購(gòu);with credit 以優(yōu)異成績(jī);to one’s credit 使某人感到光榮;do sb.credit 使……感到光榮
170.be critical of愛(ài)挑毛病的，批評(píng)的 171.cure sb.of + 某種疾病 治好某人的疾病
172.a danger to 對(duì)……的危險(xiǎn);be in danger(of)處于……危險(xiǎn)中;be out of danger 脫離危險(xiǎn)
173.to date(=so far, until now)到目前為止
174.out of date 過(guò)時(shí)的;up to date 新式的，時(shí)興的;date back to 可追溯到;date from 從某時(shí)剛開(kāi)始(有)
175.deal with(=concern)論及
176.be in debt to sb.欠……的債
177.on the decline 在衰退中，在減少中 in decline 下降;on the increase 在增加
178.to one’s delight 令某人感到高興 to one’s regret 遺憾;sorrow悲痛;relief 安心;distress苦惱;shame羞愧;surprise驚奇;astonishment驚奇
179.delight in(=take great pleasure in doing sth.)喜歡，取樂(lè)
180.take(a)delight in 喜歡干……，以……為樂(lè)
for all that = although盡管
181.demand sth.of sb.向某人要求(非物質(zhì)的)東西demand sth.from sb.向某人要求(物質(zhì)的)東西
182.in demand 有需求;on demand 受到要求時(shí)
183.be dependent on 依靠
184.deprive sb.of sth.剝奪某人某物
185.derive...from(=obtain...from)從……取得，由……來(lái)的.derive from(=come from)起源于
186.despair of(=lose all hope of)絕望
187.in despair 絕望
188.despite(=in spite of)不管，盡管
189.in detail 詳細(xì)地
190.deviate from偏離，不按……辦
191.on a diet 吃某種特殊飲食，節(jié)食
192.differ from...in 與……的區(qū)別于……
193.in difficulties...有困難，處境困難，194.discharge sb.(from)...for(=dismiss sb.from a job for)因……解雇，開(kāi)除
195.fall back(=retreat, turn back)撤退;in disorder慌亂地，狼狽不堪
196.on display(=being shown publicly)陳列
197.dispose of(=get rid of, throw away)處理掉
198.beyond dispute 不容爭(zhēng)議的，無(wú)可爭(zhēng)議
199.in dispute 在爭(zhēng)議中
200.in the distance 在遠(yuǎn)處.make out 辯認(rèn)出
201.(be)distinct from(= be different from)與……截然不同
202.distinguish between(=make or recognize differences)辨別
203.distinguish...from 把……與……區(qū)別開(kāi)
204.do away with(=get rid of;abolish;discard eliminate)除去，廢除，取消;do away with(=kill)殺掉，鎮(zhèn)壓
205.have...to do with 與……有關(guān)系
206.without doubt(=undoubtedly)無(wú)可置疑地
207.in doubt(=in a condition of uncertainty)對(duì)……表示疑惑
208.be due to 是由于
209.come off duty 下班
210.go on duty 上班
211.be on duty 值班，值日，在上班時(shí)
212.be in duty bound to(do)(=be required by one’s job or esp.by conscience)有義務(wù)(做)
213.be eager for 想得到，盼望
214.by ear(=play music from memory without having seen it printed)憑記憶，不看樂(lè)譜
215.have an ear for(=have keen recognition of sounds esp.in music and language.)對(duì)……有鑒賞力
216.a word in one’s ear 私房話，秘密話
217.on earth究竟，到底，全然
218.with ease(=easily)容易，不費(fèi)力
219.at(one’s)ease(= without worry or nervousness)自在，不拘束
220.put sb.at his / her ease(=free sb.from worry or nervousness)使某人感到無(wú)拘束
221.economize on(=save sth.instead of being wasteful)節(jié)省
222.have an effect on 對(duì)……有影響
223.be in effect(=be in operation)有效
224.go into effect 生效。(近：come into effect;take effect;be brought into effect)
225.in effect(=in fact, really)實(shí)際上
226.give effect to(=carry out)實(shí)行，使……生效
227.to no effect不起作用，沒(méi)有取得任何效果
228.(be)of no effect(=useless)無(wú)效
229.to the effect that大意是……，主要內(nèi)容是……
230.to that effect是那個(gè)意思的……
231.emerge from(=appear, become known)出現(xiàn)，暴露(問(wèn)題，意見(jiàn)等)
232.place(or put, lay)an emphasis on 強(qiáng)調(diào)，把重點(diǎn)放在……上
233.encourage sb.in 鼓勵(lì);encourage sb.in his/her work 鼓勵(lì)某人工作;encourage sb.in his/her idleness 慫恿某人游手好閑
234.encourage sb.in...with sth.用……鼓勵(lì)某人做某事
235.on end(=continuously)連續(xù)地
236.(be)at an end(=finished)結(jié)束了
237.no end of(=very many/much)很多，大量
238.in the end(=finally, eventually)最終
239.at one’s wit’s end(=not knowing what to do or to say)無(wú)法可想，智窮計(jì)盡
240.end up with 以……而結(jié)束
241.come to and end(=finish)結(jié)束
242.end in 以……為結(jié)束
243.engage in 或be engaged in 忙于，從事
244.enter for(=put the name on a list for)報(bào)名參加
245.enter into(=begin)開(kāi)始(談話，談判等)
246.enter on / upon(=begin)開(kāi)始(一個(gè)時(shí)代，一種生涯，一段任期等)
247.be entitled to(=be given the right to do sth.)有權(quán)……，有資格……
248.be equal to 等于
249.be/ feel equal to(=have enough strength, ability etc.)(某人)能勝任，能應(yīng)付
on equal terms(=on and equal footing)平等地
250.be equipped with 裝備有，裝有
251.(be)equivalent to(=equal in value, amount, meaning)相等于，相當(dāng)于
252.in essence(=in its/one’s nature)本質(zhì)上
253.at all events(=in spite of everything, in any case)不論怎樣，無(wú)論如何
254.in any event(=whatever happens in the future)無(wú)論如何，不管(將來(lái))怎么樣
255.in the event that(=if)假如，如果。in the event 結(jié)果，實(shí)際情況是(常與but連用)
256.in the event of(=in case of)萬(wàn)一，即使發(fā)生……時(shí)
257.except 除……以外;besides 除……以外還有……
258.except(=but)除了。
259.except for(=apart from)除……以外
260.(an)exception to ……的例外
261.with the exception of(=except, apart from)除去……，除……以外
262.in excess of(=more than)超過(guò)
263.exchange...for以……交換
264.exclusive of(=not taking into account;without)不包括
265.in excuse of作為……的借口
266.exert...on...對(duì)……施加……
267.exert oneself to do sth.努力，使勁
268.come into existence(=begin to exist)開(kāi)始存在;come into use開(kāi)始使用;come into effect開(kāi)始運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn);come into fashion開(kāi)始時(shí)新;come into action開(kāi)始行動(dòng);come into power開(kāi)始執(zhí)政;come into sight進(jìn)入視野;come into blossom開(kāi)花;
269.(be)in existence存在come into existence出現(xiàn)
270.expect……of在……期望……
第五篇：最新職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)考試詞匯
職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)考試詞匯推薦（基本詞匯和重點(diǎn)詞匯）
王霞
職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)的詞匯大綱中提供了約6000個(gè)詞匯，在這里我們根據(jù)自己的經(jīng)驗(yàn)向大家推薦3000左右應(yīng)該掌握的和考試中容易考察的詞匯，希望對(duì)大家最后的復(fù)習(xí)有所幫助。
我們建議學(xué)員在這最后的時(shí)間里采用這樣的詞匯學(xué)習(xí)方法---知識(shí)點(diǎn)（考點(diǎn)）拓展復(fù)習(xí)法：舉例如下：
A A(an honest man, a university, a piece of paper/message/furniture), abandon = give up, ABC, abide by, ability to do sth, be able to do sth, abnormal –normal, go aboard, study abroad, abolish = cancel/do away with, talk about, sit about, above all, to put money above everything, abrupt = sudden/tough, absence =lack, be absent from, absent-minded, absolute = complete, be absorbed in, abstract / concrete, absurd = foolish, be abundant in = be rich in, academic, accelerate =speed up, accept, acceptable, gain/have access to, accessible = easily obtained/approached, by accident = by mistake, accomplish = finish/ complete, in accordance with, according to, account for, on account of = because of/due to, on no account = in no way, take into account/consideration, accurate, accuse…of..= charge … with …, be accustomed to, ache = pain/ toothache, headache, get/catch a headache/ cold, achieve/ meet one’s goals, achievement(s), acknowledge = admit, be acquainted with = be 1 familiar with, acquire(knowledge, habit), go across, come across = meet unexpectedly, act upon, physical activities, actor/ actress, actually = in fact = in reality, acute / chronic, ad = advertisement, adapt/adopt, adapt..to..add up to, be addicted to, in addition to, additional = added, address the envelop/ address the audience, adequate = enough/ample, adhere to, administer = control/ manage, gain admission to, adopt(attitude), adult, adulthood, in advance, advance = promote, take advantage of ,adventure = risk, adverse = harmful, a piece of advice, advisable = wise, advise sb.to do sth, advocate = support, current affairs, affect/ effect, affirm =assert, afford sth, be afraid of =fear, look after sb., in the afternoon, afterwards, again and again, now and again = from time to time, lean against, vote against, at the age of, age = get older, agree to sb.agree with sth.agreeable = pleasing, agriculture, ahead of, aid, aim at, aim = goal/target, by air, in the open air, aircraft =plane =airplane, at the airport, alarm = frighten, alcohol, alert..to.., =warn …of/against …, alien = foreign, look alike, keep alive, above all, after all, all over, in all, allege = declare, state, alleviate = relieve, alliance = union, allied = united, allocate = distribute, allow = permit, almost = nearly, live alone, go along the street, talk aloud, not only…but also…, /(I like it, too./ I also like it.), alter = change, although/though, at an altitude of/ at the height of, altogether = in all, always = often, amazing = surprising, ambiguous = doubtful, uncertain, ambition, ambitious, amend = improve, 2 America, American, amid = in the middle of, amongst = among, a great amount of money, amplify = talk in detail, amuse = entertain, amusement/entertainment, analyze, analysis, ancestor, ancient, and, anger, angry, angle(from the angle of), animal, animate/inspire, annoy, announce/declare, annual, another, answer(answer to the problem, answer for), anticipate/foresee, antique, anxious(be anxious about), any, anyone/anybody, anything, anywhere, apart(set apart, apart from), apartment, apologize, apparently, apparent, appeal(appeal to), appear/seem, appetite/stomach, apple, apply(apply for a job, apply… to..), appoint, appointment, appreciate, approach(+ to)= method, approval, approve, approximate, April, apt(be apt to do sth.), aptitude/ability, architecture, area, argue(argue for/against), arise, arm in arm/hand in hand, army, around(all around/all over), arouse, arrange(a meeting), arrest, arrival, arrive at/in, art, article, artist, as(consider…as, look upon..as.., treat …as.., as/so…as.., as for/to…, as if/though), ascend/descend, ash, Asia, Asian, aside(aside from/apart from), ask(ask after, ask for, ask sb.to do sth,), asleep, aspect, assemble, assembly line, assert, assess, asset, assign(assign sb.to do sth.), assimilate, assist/aid, assistant, associate
(associate
sth.with
sth.，associate with),association/committee, assume/suppose, assure/insure/ensure/sure, astonish, astronaut, at(be good at, look at, at the age/speed/rate of, at home), atmosphere, attack, attach(be attached to), attempt, attend(a 3 meeting/school/sb., attend to), attendance/presence, attention(pay attention to), attitude, attract, attractive, attribute(attribute…to …), audit, August, Australia，Australian，authentic/real/reliable，author, authority/power, automate, automatic, automobile, autumn/fall, available, avenue/street/road, average(on(an, the)average, to average three hours of work a day), avoid, await = wait for, awake =wake up(awake = sleepless), award, aware(be aware of..), away(put..away, right away.), awful/terrible, awkward(注意該詞的幾種詞義).B baby, back(back and forth, back up/support), background, backwards, bacterium/bacteria, badly/very(he was badly damaged.), balance, ban/bar, banana, band, bank, bankrupt, barely/hardly, bargain(a real bargain), base(be based on/upon), basic/fundamental, battery, battle, B.C.be, beach, beam(a beam of), bear(注意該詞的幾種詞義), bearing, beat, beautiful/beauty, because, become, go to bed, bee, beef, beer, before/after, beforehand/in advance, beg/bag, begin/start(+ doing/ to do sth.), beginning, behalf(on behalf of), behavior/conduct, behind/ in front of, belief, believe(believe in), belong(belong to), below/under/beneath, beneficial/favorable, benefit(for the benefit of, benefit form), beside/besides = in addition, best(at best/ at least;at one's best, do/try one's best, make the best of), better(be better off, had better 4 do sth), between/among, beyond, bicycle, bid, big/great, bill(pay the bill), billion/million/trillion, biography, biological, bird, birth(give birth to, by birth), birthday, bit(a bit of, bit by bit), bitter, black, blackboard, blame(blame sb.for sth.), blank, blanket, blend, blind, block(a block of rock/ice/wood), blood, bloody, bloom, blue, board(on board), boat, body, boil(boil up), bold, bomb/blow up, bone, book(booking office), boom, boost/lift, border(border on/upon), boring/troublesome, born, borrow/lend, boss, both(both … and..), bother/trouble, bottle, bottom, bound(be bound for), boundary, box, boxing, boy, boyfriend, brain, branch/department, brand, brave, breach/break, bread, break(break away from, break down, break into, break out, break off, break through, break up), breakdown/ collapse, breakfast, breath(catch one's breath, hold one's breath, out of breath), breathe, breed/ raise, bridge, brief(in brief), briefly, bright/clever/ brilliant/intelligent, bring(bring about, bring forward, bring up), bring/take, Britain, British, broad, broadcast, brother, brush, budget, build, building, bulk/block, bullet, burden, burn(burn up), burst(burst into tears/laughter), bus, business, busy(be busy with), but/only(but for), buy, by(by air/railway/sea/plane/bus;pass by, by the rule, a box five feet by six feet, by and by)C Cabin, cable, cafe, cake, calculate, calendar, call(call sb.call for, call 5 off/cancel;call on sb.;call up), calm(calm down), calm/still, camera, campaign/champagne/champion，campus，can/container，Canada, Canadian, cancer, candidate, cap, capability/ability, capable(be capable of), capital, captain, car, carbon, card, cardinal/essential, care(care about, take care of), career, careful, careless, carrier, carry(carry on, carry out), cartoon, case(in any case, in most cases, in case, in case of), cash, cast/throw, casual, cat, catch(catch up with, catch a cold, catch attention), cater(cater for), cause, cautious/careful, cease/ stop, celebrate, cell, census, centennial, centigrade, central, center, century, certain, chain, chair/host, chairman, challenge, chance/opportunity(a chance to do sth.;by chance, take a/the chance), change, channel, character, characteristic(be characteristic of), charge(in the charge of, take charge of, charge..with..), charming/attractive, cheap/expensive, cheat(cheat sb.of money), check(check in, check up), cheerful/pleasing, cheer(cheer
up)，chemical/physical，chemistry，cherish(hope/dreams/friendship), chief, child/children, childhood, childish, China/china, Chinese, choice, choose(choose sth.from/among sth.), Christmas, chronic, church, cigarette, cinema, circle, circuit, circular/round, circulate, circumstance(under/ in no circumstances), citizen, city, civil, claim, clash(clash with, a clash of views), class/category, classic/classical, classroom, classmate, clean, clear(clear away, clear up), clerk, clever, client, climate, climax/top, climb(climb 6 up/down the hill), cling(cling to), clinic, clock, clockwise, close/open(close down, close season), cloth/clothes/clothing, cloud, cloudy, club, clue/hint, clumsy/awkward, coach, coal, coarse/rough, coast(along the coast), coat(coat the throat), code, coffee, coin, coincide(coincide with), cold(have/catch a cold), collar(white/blue/grey-collared), colleague, collect/gather, collective, college/university, colonial, color, colorful, column, combat/fight, combine/combination, come(come across, come out, come up, come up with), comfort, comfortable, command/control, comment(comment
on)，commercial，commission，commit(mistakes/guilt), commitment, commodities/goods, common/average(in common), communicate(communicate with), community, compact, companion, company/firm/concern/enterprise/corporation, comparative, compare(be compared with, be compared to), comparison(by comparison)，compel/force，compensation，compensate, compete/contend(compete with/for), competence/ability, competition, complain(complain
about)，complaint，complex/complicated, complicate, comply(comply with), composition, component/part, comprehend/grasp，comprehension/understanding，comprehensive, comprise, compromise, compute/calculate, computer, comrade, conceal, conceive(an idea/a plan), concentrate(concentrate one's attention on..), concentration/focus, concept, concern(as far as …be concerned, be concerned about), concerning/about, concise/brief, conclude(the study 7 concluded that…), condemn/blame(violence), condition(on condition that..), conference/meeting, confess, confident, confidential/secret, confine(be confined to), confirm, conflict/clash, conform(conform to/with), confront(be confronted with/ be faced with), confuse, congress, connect(connect..with..), conquer, conscious(be conscious of), consent(consent to/agree with), consequence/result(in consequence), consequently/therefore，conservative/conventional, consider…as…, considerable/considerate, consist(consist of, be made up of, be composed of), consistent, constant, constitute, constitution, construct, consult
(consult
（with)…about…)，consume, consumer/customer, consumption, contact(contact sb.;be in/out of contact with…), contain, contaminate, contemporary, contempt/look down on, contend/argue, content, continent, continue + doing, continuos, contract, contradict, contrary(contrary to, on the contrary), contrast(in contrast with, contrast with), contribute(contribute to/lead to), control(out of control/under the control of), convenient, conversation, convert/change, convey/pass, convict(convict sb.of..), convince(convince …of.., be convinced of..), cook, cool, cooperate, cope(cope with/handle/deal with), copy, corn, corner, correct, cost(at the cost of), costly/expansive, cotton, could, count(count in/out), country, countryside, couple, courage, course(in the course of, of course), court, courteous/polite, cover(cover…with..), coverage, craft, crash/clash, 8 crazy/mad, create(a credit，bridge/a
crime，problem), creative，crisis，creature, critic, credible/reliable, criminal, critical/decisive/crucial, criticize, cross, crowd, crowded, cruel, cry, cultivate/plant, culture, cure, curious(be curious about), currency, current, curtain, custom(the Customs), cut(cut across, cut down, cut in, cut off, cut out), cycle.因?yàn)闀r(shí)間有限，所以我們不能為學(xué)員把詞匯一一的進(jìn)行“考點(diǎn)展開(kāi)”講解，希望學(xué)員有時(shí)間能按照這個(gè)思路把重點(diǎn)的，基本的詞匯進(jìn)行展開(kāi)復(fù)習(xí)，這樣的復(fù)習(xí)一定會(huì)對(duì)我們最后的考試有所幫助（尤其是詞匯題和完型填空題部分的解答）。以下是推薦的基本的，重點(diǎn)的單詞。D Daily, damage, damp, dance, danger, dangerous, dare, dark, data/datum, date, daughter, day, dead(注意該詞既可用作形容詞，又可用作副詞，且含義不同)，deadline, deadly((注意該詞既可用作形容詞，又可用作副詞，且含義不同), deaf, deal, dean, dear, death, debate, debt, decade, deceit/cheat, December, decide, decision, decisive, declare, decrease, dedicate, deep/deeply, defeat, defect, defend, deficient, define, definite, defy, degree, delay, delete, deliberate, delicate, delicious, delighted, deliver, delivery, demand, demonstrate, dense, deny, department, departure, depend, dependent, depression, deprive, derive, 9 descend, describe, desert(注意該詞有兩種詞類(lèi)，不同的詞義)，deserve, design, desire, desk, despite, destination, destroy, destruction, detail, detect, determine, develop, device, devise, devote, diagnose, diagnosis, dialogue, dictionary, die, diet, differ, difference, different, difficult, difficulty, dig, digest, digital, dilemma, diligent, dim, diminish, dinner, direct, direction, directly, director, dirt , dirty, disabled, disagree, disappear, disappointed, disaster, disc, discard, discipline, disclose, discourage, discover, discovery, discriminate, discuss, disease, dismiss, disorder, display, dispose, dispute, distance, distant, distinct, distinction, distinguish, distinguished, distract, distress, distribute, district, disturb, dive, diverse, divide, division, divorce, dizzy, do, doctor, document, dog, doll, dollar, domain, domestic, dominant, dominate, donate, door, dose, double, doubt, doubtful, down, downstairs, dozen, draft, drain, drainage, dramatic, draw, drawing, dreadful, dream, dress, drill, drink, drive, driver, drop, drought, drug, dry, due, dull, durable, during, dust, suty, dwell, dynamic E Each, eager, ear, early, earn, earnest, earnings, earth, earthquake, ease, easily, east, easy, eat, eccentric, economic/economical, economics, economy, edge, edit, educate, education, effect, effective, efficiency, efficient, effort, e.g., egg, Egypt, eight, eighteen, eighth, eighty, either, elaborate, elderly, election, electric, electrical, electricity, electronic, 10 elegant, element, elementary, elephant, eleven, eligible, eliminate, else, elsewhere, e-mail, embarrass, embody, embrace, emerge, emergency, emotion, emphasis, emphasize, employ, employee, employer, employment, empty, enable, encounter, encourage, end, endanger, endeavor, endow, endure, enemy, energy, enforce, engage, engine, engineer, engineering, England, English, enhance, enjoy, enjoyable, enlarge, enlighten, enormous, enough, Enquirer/inquire, enrich, enroll, ensure, enter enterprise, entertain, enthusiasm, enthusiastic, entire, entitle, entrance, envelope, environment, equal, equally, equip, equipment, equivalent, erect, error, escape, especially, essay, essence, essential, establish, estate, esteem, estimate, eternal, Europe, European, evaluate, eve, even, evening, event, eventually, ever, every, everybody, everyday, everyone, everything, everywhere, evidence, evident, evil, evoke, evolve, exact, exactly, exam, examine, example, exceed, excellent, except, exception, exchange, excite, excited, exciting, exclude, excuse, executive, exercise, exert, exhaust, exhaustive, exhibit, exhibition, exist, existence, exit, expand, expansion, expect, expenditure, expensive, experience, experiment, expert, expire, explain, explode, exploit, exploitation, explosion, export, expose, express, expression, extend, extension, extensive, extent, external, extinct, extra, extract, extraordinary, extreme, extremely, eye
F Fabric, face, facilitate, facility, fact, factor, factory, faculty, fail, failure, faint, fair, fairly, faith, faithful, fall, false, fame, familiar, family, famous, fan, fancy, fantastic, far, fare, farm, farmer, fascinate, fascinating, fashion, fashionable, fast, fasten, fat, fatal, father, fault, faulty, favor, favorable, favorite, fax, fear, feasible, feather, feature, February, federal, fee, feed, feel, feeling, fellow, female, fence, fertile, festival, fever, few, fiction, field, fierce, fifteen, fifty, fight, figure, file, fill, film, final, finally, financial, find, finding, fine(注意該詞有兩種詞類(lèi)，不同的詞義), finger, fireman, firm, firmly, first, fish, fir, five, flat, flavor, flee, flexible, flight, float, flood, floor, flourish, flow, flower, flu, fluctuate, fluent, fluid, fly, focus, fog, follow, following, fond, food, foolish, foot, football, for, forbid, force, forecast, foreign, foreigner, foresee, forest, forever, forget, fork, form, formal, format, former, forth, fortunate, fortune, forty, forward, fossil, foster, found, foundation, four, fourteen, fourth, frame, France, frank, free, freedom, freely, freeze, French, frequency, frequent, fresh, Friday, fridge, friend, friendly, friendship, frighten, from, front, frontier, frown, fruit, frustrate, frustration, fuel, fulfill, full, fun, function, fund, fundamental, funny, fur, furious, furnish, furniture, further, furthermore, future.G 12 Gain, game, gang, gap, garage, garden, gas, gasoline, gather, gay, gaze, gene, general, generally, generate, generation, generous, genius, gentle, genuine, gesture, get(注意該詞的短語(yǔ)), giant, gift, give, glad, glance, glimpse, global, globe, go(注意該詞的短語(yǔ)), goal, good, goods, gorgeous, govern, government, grace, graceful, gradual, graduate, grand, grant, grasp, grateful, grave, great, greedy, gross, ground, grow, growth, guard, guess, guidance, guilty, guilt H Habit, habitant, half, halt, hamper, hand(注意該詞的短語(yǔ)), handful, handicap, handle, handsome, handy, happen, hard(注意該詞的跨詞類(lèi)用法), hardly, hardship, harm, hardware, harness, harsh, harvest, hate, have, hazard, hazardous, head, heal, heath, healthy, hear, heart, heartily, heat, heavy, height, help, helpful, hence, here, hesitate, hide, high, highway, hinder, hint, hire, historic/historical, hit, hobby, hold(注意該詞的短語(yǔ)), honest, honor, honorable, hopeful, horrible, horror, hospital, host, hostile, hot, housing, hour, how, however, huge, humid, humiliate, humorous, hunger, hungry, hunt, hurry, hurt I I, ice, idea, ideal, identical, identify, idle, if, ignorant, ignore, ill, illegal, illness, illustrate, image, imagination, imagine, immediate, immense, 13 immigrate, immune, impact, impartial, impel, implicit, imply, import, importance, important, impossible, impression, improve, impress, impulse, in, incentive, incident, incline, include, income, increase, increasingly, incredible, indeed, independent, indicate, indication, indifferent, indirect, individual, indoors, induce, industrial, industrious, industry, inevitable, infancy, infect, infer, infinite, inflation, influence, inform, informal, information, ingredient, inhabitant, initial, injure, injury, inner, innocent, innovate, input, inquire, insect, inside, insight, insist, inspect, inspire, install, instance, instant, instead, instinct, instruction, instrument, insult, intelligence, intelligent, intend, intense, intensive, intention, interact, interest, interesting, interior, intermediate, internal, international, Internet, interrupt, interview, intimate, into, introduce, introduction, invade, invent, invest, investigation, investment, invite, involve, irritate, isolate, issue, Italian, Italy, item, itself, its.J Jack, jacket, jam, January, Japan, jet, job, joke, journal, journey, joy, judge, judgement, July, jump, June, junior, just((注意該詞的跨詞類(lèi)用法)), justice, justify K Keen, keep(注意該詞的短語(yǔ)), key, keyboard, kick, kidney, kill, kind, 14 kitchen, knife, knit, knock, know, knowledge L Lab, labor, lack, lag, land, landlord, landscape, language, large, largely, last, late, lately, later, latter, launch, law, lawful, lay, layer, lazy, lead, leader, leading, lean, learn, least, leave, lecture, left, legal, legend, leisure, lend, length, less, lesson, let(注意該詞的短語(yǔ)), letter, level, liable, liberal, liberty, liberate, library, license, lie, life, lift, light, lighten, like, likelihood, likely, limitation, line, link, liquid, list, listen, literal, literally, literature, little, live(注意該詞的短語(yǔ)), lively(注意該詞是形容詞), living, load, loan, local, located, lodge, logic, London, lonely, long, look(注意該詞的短語(yǔ)), loose, lose, loss, lot, loud, love, lovely(注意該詞是形容詞), low, lower, loyal, lucky, luck, luggage, lunch, lung, luxury.M Machine, machinery, mad, magazine, magic, magical, magnetic, magnificent, mail, mainland, mainly, maintain, maintenance, major, majority, make(注意該詞的短語(yǔ)), male, manage, management, manager, manipulate, mankind, manner, manual, manufacture, many, March, march, marginal, mark, market, marriage, marry, marvelous, mass, massive, master, match, material, mathematics, matter, mature, maximum, May, maybe, may, me, meal, mean, meaning, means, 15 meantime, meanwhile, measure, mechanical, medical, medicine, medium, meet, meeting, member, memory, men, mend, mental, mention, menu, merchandise, mere, merely, merit, merge, mess, merry, message, metal, method, Mexican, mid, middle, might, mighty, migration, mild, mile, military, milk, million, mind, mineral, minimum, minor, minute, miracle, mirror, miserable, missing, mission, mistake, misunderstand, mix, mobile, mock, model, moderate, modern, modest, modify, moment, Monday, money, monitor, month, monthly, mood, moon, moral, more, moreover, morning, most, mostly, mother, motherland, motive, mount, mountain, mouth, move, movement, much, multiple, murder, muscle, museum, music, musical, must, mutual, myself, mysterious.N Naked, name, namely, narrow, nation, national, native, natural, naturally, nature, naughty, near, nearby, nearly, neat, necessarily, necessary, need, negative, neglect, neighbor, neither, nervous, net, network, never, nevertheless, new, news, newly, newspaper, nest, nice, night, no, nobody, noise, nosy, none, nor, normal, normally, north, notable, note, noted, nothing, notice, notify, noticeable, novel, November, now, nowadays, nuclear, number, numerous, nurse, nut.O 16 Obey, object, objective, obligation, observe, obstacle, obtain, obvious, occasion, occasional, occupy, occupation, occur, ocean, October, odd, of, off, offend, offer, office, official, often, old, on, once, one, oneself, ongoing, only, open, openly, operate, operation, opinion, opportunity, opposite, optimistic, option, orange, order, ordinary, organ, organization, organize, origin, original, other, otherwise, ought, outcome, outer, outline, output, outlook, outside, outstanding, over, overall, overcome, overtime, owing, own, owner, oxygen.P Pacific, package, pack, page, pain, painful, paint, painting, pair, palace, pale, panic, paper, parcel, parent, park(注意該詞的跨詞類(lèi)用法)，part, participate, particle, particular, particularly, partly, party, pass, passenger, passion, passive, past, pastime, patience, patient, pattern, pave, pay(注意該詞的短語(yǔ)), payment, peace, peak, people, per, perceive, percent, percentage.Perfect, perfectly, perform, perhaps, period, permanent, personal, personally, persuade, phrase, phenomenon, phone, phrase, physical, pick, picture, piece, pill, pilot, pipe, pity, place, plain, plan, planet, plant, play, plead, pleasant, pleasing, pleasure, plus, pocket, poem, point, poisonous, police, policy, polish, polite, politics, pollute, pollution, poor, pop, popular, population, port, portion, pose, position, positive, possess, possibility, possible, possibly, post, postpone, potential, 17 pound, poverty, power, powerful, practical, practice, praise, precede, precious, precise, predict, prefer, preference, pregnant, prepare, prescribe, presence, present(注意該詞的跨詞類(lèi)用法), presently, preserve, president, press, pressure, pretend, pretty(注意該詞的跨詞類(lèi)用法), prevail, prevent, previous, price, pride, primary, prime, primitive, principle, print, prior, private, prize, probable, probably, probe, problem, proceed, process, produce, product, productive, profession, profit, profitable, profound, program, progress, project, prolong, promise, promising, promote, prompt, prone, pronounce, proof, proper, property, proportion, propose, proposal, prospect, protect, protection, protest, prove, protest, prove, provide, provoke, psychological, public, publicly, publish, pull(注意該詞的短語(yǔ)), punish, pure, purely, purpose, pursue, pursuit, push, put(注意該詞的短語(yǔ)), puzzle Q Qualify, quality, quantity, quarrel, quarter, question, quick, quickly, quiet, quietly, quit, quite, quote R Race, racial, radical, radio, rage, railway, rain, rainy, raise, ramble, random, range, ranger, rank, rape, rapid, rapidly, rarely, rate, rather, ratio, rational, raw, reach, react, reaction, read, readily, reading, ready, real, 18 realistic, reality, realize, really, reason, reasonable, recall, receive, recent, recently, reckon, recognize, recommend, record, recorder, recover, recovery, recreation, recycle, red, reduce, reduction, redundant, refer, reference, reflect, reform, refuse, refusal, regain, refresh, regard, regardless, region, register, regret, regular, regularly, regulation, reinforce, reject, rejection, relate(注意該詞的詞義), relation, relative/related, relax, release, relevant, reliable, relief, relieve, religion, reluctant, rely, remain, remark, remarkable, remedy, remember, remind, remote, remove, render, renew, rent, repair, repeat, repeatedly, replace, replacement, reply, report, represent, representative, reputation, request, require, rescue, research, reserve, resemble, resident, resign, resist, resolve, resort, resource, respect, respective, respond, response, responsible, rest(注意該詞的跨詞類(lèi)用法), restore, restrain, result, resume, retail, retain, retire, retirement, return, reveal, review, revive, revolution, reward, rewarding, rid, ride, ridiculous, right(注意該詞的跨詞類(lèi)用法), right-handed, ring, rise, risk, risky, rival, river, rock(注意該詞的跨詞類(lèi)用法), rocket, romantic, room(注意該詞的詞義), root, rope, rough, roughly, round, rubber, rubbish, rude, ruin, rule, run, rural, rush S Sacrifice, sad, safe, safeguard, safely, safety, sake, salary, sale, salt, same, 19 sample, sand(注意該詞單復(fù)數(shù)的詞義差異), satellite, satisfactory, satisfy, satisfying，save，savings，say，saying，scale, scarcely/hardly/seldom/rarely, scatter, scene, scenery, schedule, scheme, scholarship, science, scientific, scold, score, Scotland, scream, screen, seal, search, season, seat, second, secondary, secondly, secretary, section, secure, see(注意該詞的短語(yǔ)), seek, seem, seize, select, self, selfish, send, senior, sense, sensible/ sensitive, sentence, separate, September, series, serious, seriously, serve, service, set(注意該詞的短語(yǔ)), setback, settle, settlement, severe, severely, sexual, shake, shall, shallow, shame, shape, share, sharp, sharply, sheer, shift, shine, shock, shoot, shop, shopping, short, shortage, shortcoming, shorten, should, shout, show, shrink, shut, ,shy, sick, side, sight, sign, signal, significant, silence, silly, similar, similarly, simple, simple, since, sincere, Singapore, single, sink, sit, site, situation, size, skill, skilled, skillful, skin, sky, sleep, sleepy, slide, slight, slightly, slow, small, smart, smell, smile, smoke, smoker, smooth, smoothly, snake, snow, snowy, so, so-called, soccer, social, society, soft, soften, software, soil, sole, solid, solution, solve, some(注意該詞的用法), somehow, something, sometime, sometimes, somewhere, song, soon, sorrow, sorry, sort, soul, sound(注意該詞的跨詞類(lèi)用法), soup, source, south, space, spacious, Spain, Spanish, spare, speak, special, specialist, specially, species, specific, speculate, speech, speed, spend, spirit, spite, splendid, split, spoil(注意該詞的用法), 20 spoken, spokesman, sport, spot(注意該詞的用法), spread, spring, spur, stable, staff, stage, stand(注意該詞的短語(yǔ)), standard, stare, start, state(注意該詞的用法), statement, status, stay, steady, steal, steam, steel, step, stick, stiff, still, stimulate, stir, stock, stop, storage, store, straight, strange, stranger, strategy, strength, strengthen, stress, strict, strictly, strike, striking, strong, strongly, structure, struggle, student, study, stuff, sturdy, stupid, style, subject, subjective, submit, substance, substantial, substitute, subtle, suburb, succeed, success, successful/successive, such, suffer, suffering, sufficient, suggest, suit, suitable, sum, summit, sunny, super, superior, supermarket, supervise, supply, support, suppose, sure, surface, surpass, surprising, surrounding, survey, survive, suspect, sweet, symbol, sympathetic, symptom, system.T take(注意該詞的短語(yǔ)), takeover, talented, talk, target, task, taste, teach, teaching, team, tear(注意該詞的跨詞類(lèi)用法), tease, technical, technology, telephone, tell, temperature, temporary, tempt, tend, tendency, tension, terrible, terrific, territory, textile, than, that, theft, theory, therefore, thick, thin, thing, think, thirsty, thorough, thought, threat, threaten, through, throw, thus, tidy, tight, tightly, time, timetable, tiny, tired, title, to, tolerant, top, topic, total, totally, touch, tough, tour, tourism, track, trade, traditional, traffic, train, transfer, transform, 21 transport, travel, treasure, treat, treatment, trend, trip, trouble, true, truly, trust, try, turn(注意該詞的短語(yǔ)), twice, twin, type.U Ugly, ultimate, unable, under, understand, undertake, undoubtedly, unexpectedly, unfair, union, unique, unite, universal, university, unless, unlike, unlikely, until, up, upset, urban, urgent, usage, use, used, useful, useless, usual, usually, utilize, utterly.V Vacant, vacation, vague, valid, vain, valuable, vanish, variety, various, vary, vast, vehicle, venture, verge, very, via, victim, victory, view, violate, violence, violent, virtually, virtue, virus, visible, visit, visual, voice, voluntary, vote
W Wage, wait, wake, walk, wall, wander, want, warm, warn, warning, waste, watch, water, way, weak, wealthy, wear, weary, weather, weave, wedding, weakly, weight, welcome, well, what, whatever, when, where, whereas, wherever, whether, which, while, white, whole, wholly, whom, whose, why, wide, widen, widespread, wild, wildlife, will, willing, win, wind, windy, wipe, wise, wish, with, withdraw, within, without, witness, 22 woman, wonder, wonderful, wood, wooden, word, work(注意該詞單復(fù)數(shù)的詞義差異), world, worldwide, worry, worried, worse, worth, would, write, wrong X x-ray Y Yard, year, yellow, yesterday, yield, young, youngster, yours, yourth Z Zero, zone, zoo
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