第一篇：專升本公共英語翻譯部分重點(diǎn)

專升本公共英語翻譯部分重點(diǎn)

? 1.會(huì)議很重要，請(qǐng)務(wù)必不要遲到。

? This is an important meeting.Please see to it that you are not late for it.? 2.公共關(guān)系工作是這么重要，每一家公司至少應(yīng)該有一個(gè)公共關(guān)系部門。

? Public relations work is so important that there should be at least one public relations department in every company.? 3.薪水并不是我首先要考慮的事情。

? Salary is not the first thing I’ll take into account.? 4.在大多數(shù)時(shí)候，他們覺得這種差異對(duì)他們來說既非重要也非不重要。

? Most of the time, they think this difference is neither important nor unimportant to them.? 5.我認(rèn)為，除非面臨一生難求的機(jī)會(huì)，任何人都不應(yīng)該中途輟學(xué)。

? I believe that nobody should drop out of college unless they believe they face the opportunity of a lifetime.? 6.我們大家都坐在那兒，希望會(huì)議不要開得太長(zhǎng)。? All of us sat there, hoping the meeting wouldn’t last long.? 7.他的父親在那場(chǎng)事故中死了，從那以后，他感到自己很難振作起來。

? He has found it hard to pull himself together after his father was killed in the accident.? 8.這是我第一次看到他談起自己的第一份工作時(shí)臉上露出的驕傲。

? This is the first time I have ever seen the pride on his face when he talks about his first job.? 9.語言實(shí)驗(yàn)室并不取代課堂教師，而是對(duì)課堂教學(xué)的補(bǔ)充。? The language laboratory does not take the place of the classroom teacher, but rather supplements the classroom teaching.? 10.無論你的朋友住得多遠(yuǎn)，發(fā)消息給他只要幾秒鐘。這在多年前是聞所未聞的。

? No matter how far your friend may be living, it takes just seconds to send a message, something that would have been unheard of many years ago.? 11.你即使不喜歡他，可你不得不承認(rèn)，他的表現(xiàn)接近于完美。

? Even if you don’t like him, you have to agree that his performance has come close to perfection.? 12.競(jìng)爭(zhēng)促進(jìn)了發(fā)展。如果要是沒有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，你就會(huì)失去享受所有樂趣的機(jī)會(huì)。

? Competition promotes development.Without competition, you would miss out on all the fun.? 13.對(duì)付困難的良策是不要對(duì)困難膽怯，困難是人生不可避免的一部分。? The best prescription for difficulties is not to be afraid of them.They are an inevitable part of life.? 14.多年以來，大家一直在爭(zhēng)論考試是否應(yīng)該用其他的評(píng)估形式取代。

? There has been much debate for a number of years about whether examinations should be replaced with other forms of assessment.? 15.自從他離開家以后，他的父母沒有一天不為他的安全擔(dān)心。

? Ever since he left home, not a day goes by that his parents do not worry about his safety.? 16.我真的希望當(dāng)我還是小孩時(shí)就能乘飛機(jī)或坐火車周游世界。? I wish as a child I could have travelled around the world by air or by train.? 17.你只有讀完《簡(jiǎn)愛》整本書才能充分理解這本書的意義。

? Only by reading the entire book, can you fully understand the significance of Jane Eyre.? 18.也許，我們讀者從本質(zhì)上說是內(nèi)心感到不滿的人，我們渴望到別處去，通過閱讀文字在一定程度上間接體驗(yàn)我們不能親身經(jīng)歷的生活。

? Perhaps at base we readers are dissatisfied people, yearning to be elsewhere, to live vicariously through words in a way we cannot live directly through life.? 19.實(shí)際上許多用人單位最初就特意要雇傭當(dāng)?shù)厝藦氖逻@些旅游工作。

? In fact, many employers went out of their way at the outset to hire locals for tourist industry jobs.? 20.我媽媽在清理抽屜時(shí)，偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些我爺爺?shù)呐f照片。? My mother came across some old photos of my grandfather while she was cleaning out the drawer.? 21.鑒于他還是個(gè)小孩，他做的遠(yuǎn)要比我們期望得好。

?

Given that he is still a child, he has done much better than expected.? 22.如果你想成功，那么你就不應(yīng)該停止學(xué)習(xí)。

? If you want to be successful, then you should not stop learning.? 23.令我感到傷心的是許多學(xué)生上大學(xué)是為了找一個(gè)工作，而不是為了接受教育，他們總為分?jǐn)?shù)擔(dān)憂。

? What saddens me is that many students come to college to get a job, rather than an education, and they always obsess about scores.? 24.要求他們提出能最大限度使用自然光線的一些設(shè)計(jì)。

? They are challenged to come up with designs that enable maximum usage of natural light.? 25.你的職責(zé)是幫助協(xié)調(diào)整個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)的工作。

? You are responsible for assisting in coordinating the work of the team.? 26.如果他符合你們的要求，誰最后決定是否聘用他？ ? Assuming he meets your requirements, who has the final say to decide whether to hire him or not? ? 27.總而言之，在今日高度競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的社會(huì)中，再在怎么過高評(píng)價(jià)信任在我們?nèi)粘Ｉ钪械闹匾砸膊贿^分。

? All in all, in today’s highly competitive society, it is impossible to overestimate the importance of trust in our daily life.? 28.如果你處于我的處境，你會(huì)做些什么來贏得新的客戶呢？ ? What would you do to win over new clients if you were in my shoes? ? 29.技術(shù)和需求條件都在變化，或至少有點(diǎn)不確定，所以我們決定先對(duì)這個(gè)項(xiàng)目作一番調(diào)查。

? Technology and demand conditions were changing or, at least, somewhat uncertain and so we decided to look into the project first.? 30.網(wǎng)上購(gòu)物受人歡迎的一個(gè)主要原因是其巨大的方便性。? One of the main reasons for the popularity of shopping online is its great convenience.

第二篇：2015山東專升本英語翻譯（本站推薦）

【2015山東專升本英語翻譯】強(qiáng)化班講義

1.在我們做決定之前，必須確定我們已將所有相關(guān)的因素考慮在內(nèi)。Before making the decision, we must make sure that we have taken all the related factors into consideration/account.2.他如果知道我的電話，就不用那么費(fèi)事了。

If he knew my phone number, it would save a lot of trouble.If he knew my phone number, it would not take a lot of trouble.3.就他的經(jīng)驗(yàn)而言，他并不十分適合做校長(zhǎng)。

As far as his experience is concerned, he is not very suitable for acting as a headmaster.4.我們最關(guān)心的是那個(gè)城市的飲水質(zhì)量問題。

What we are concerned most is the quality of drinking water in that city.5.他的成就，贏得了人們的尊敬和仰慕。

His achievement earned him respect and admiration among people.His achievement won people’ respect and admiration.6.他剛到達(dá)就生病了。No sooner had he arrived than he fell ill.7.坦率地講，能在這么短的時(shí)間內(nèi)完成這項(xiàng)任務(wù)，確實(shí)令人興奮。Frankly speaking, to be honest, honestly speaking, it is very exciting to have the task finished/accomplished/fulfilled in such a short time.8.我們將盡可能地改進(jìn)我們的工作。

We will make as many improvements as possible in our work.9.積極的休閑態(tài)度是鼓勵(lì)大家創(chuàng)造性地利用空閑時(shí)間的基礎(chǔ)。Positive leisure attitude is the basis of encouraging people to make creative use of their spare time.10.你越解釋我越糊涂。

The more you explain, the more confused I am.11.總的來說，酸雨是工業(yè)發(fā)展的結(jié)果。

Generally speaking, acid rain is the result of industrial development.12.不管是否加熱，這種材料不會(huì)在冰中融化。whether(it is)heated or not, this material does not melt in ice.13.我在童年時(shí)候就發(fā)現(xiàn)沒什么比讀書對(duì)我更有吸引力。

Since my childhood, I have found that nothing is more attractive than reading to me.Since my childhood, I have found that reading is the most attractive thing for me.14．他們已經(jīng)答應(yīng)對(duì)這個(gè)問題進(jìn)行調(diào)查。They have promised to investigate this problem.15.是我們應(yīng)該做的和不應(yīng)該做的影響著我們的未來。

所為和所不為

What we should do and what we should not do affects/determines our future.It is what we should do and what we should not do that affects our future.The things that we should do and should not do affect our future.16.西方流傳最廣的迷信之一是人在樓梯下走是不吉利的。

One of the most popular/prevalent/prevailing superstitions is that it is not lucky to walk under a ladder.17.不管他們遇到什么困難，他們都將努力克服。No matter what difficulties

Whatever difficulties they may encounter, they will try to overcome/conquerthem.18.她又缺席了，這是預(yù)料之中的。She has been absent again, as is expected.19.據(jù)說這個(gè)大學(xué)就要倒閉了。

It is reported/said that this university will go bankrupt.20.他的講座不僅局限于如何學(xué)習(xí)。

His lecture is not only confined to how to study.His lecture does not confine itself only to how to study.21.記住該記住的，忘記該忘記的。

Remember what should be remembered, forget what should be forgotten.22.只有在那時(shí)候，我才意識(shí)到健康的重要性。

Only then did I realize the importance/significance of health.23.盡管他是個(gè)有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的/經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的工人，但是因?yàn)榻?jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)公司上周還是把他解雇了。

Skillful as he is, he is still fired by his company because of economic crisis.Although he is a skillful/skilled worker, he is still fired by his company because of economic crisis.Hr is an experienced worker

24.正是人類的活動(dòng)造成全球變暖。

it is human activities that bring about/give rise to/result in/ lead to global warming.25.我們老師要求我們必須在周三前交報(bào)告。

Our teacher requires that we should hand in our reports before Wednesday.Our teacher requires us to hand in our reports before Wednesday.

第三篇：專升本考試英語翻譯

don’t get me wrong——?jiǎng)e誤會(huì)我

A: Jack, why are you so fussy about me? B: No, I’m not.I can’t complain about you.A: But I resent your criticism.B: Don’t get me wrong.What I do is for your own good.A：Jack，你為什么對(duì)我這么挑剔？ B：我沒有，我對(duì)你沒什么可抱怨的。A：可是我不喜歡你的批評(píng)。

B：別誤會(huì)我。我所做的一切都是為了你好。

I’ll be right with you.——我馬上就來。

A: Jacky, where are you going? We are ready to go.B: I need to answer a phone call.A: All right.Be quick.We are running out of time.B: Not a problem.I’ll be right with you.A：杰克，你去哪兒。我們就要準(zhǔn)備走了。B：我得去回一個(gè)電話。

A：好吧。那你快一點(diǎn)兒。我們的時(shí)間挺緊的。B：沒問題，我馬上就回來。

Give me a call.——給我打電話

A: Are you interested in our products, sir? B: I think so.They appear to be very practical.A: You got it.Here is my business card.Please give me a call if you need more information.B: All right.A：您對(duì)我們的產(chǎn)品感興趣嗎，先生？ B：我想是的，它們看起來很實(shí)用。

A：你說對(duì)了。這是我的名片。如果您需要更多的信息，請(qǐng)給我打電話。B：好的。

I’m working on it.——我正在努力。

A: Albert, do you drive? B: No, but I’m working on it.A: Albert，你會(huì)開車嗎？ B: 不會(huì)。我正在學(xué)。

Have you finished yet?——你做完了嗎？

A: Jack, are you still repairing the pipe in the bathroom? B: Yes.It’s leaking.A: Have you finished yet? Dinner is ready.B: I’ll have it ready very soon.A: Jack，你還在修衛(wèi)生間里的水管嗎？ B: 是的。水管漏水。

A: 你修好了嗎？晚飯準(zhǔn)備好了。B: 我馬上就修好了。

It’s my pleasure.——這是我的榮幸。

A: Shall I give you a ride home? B: That’s perfect.Thanks for the ride.A: Don’t mention it.It’s my pleasure.A: 要我開車送你回家嗎？ B: 好極了，多謝你送我。A: 不客氣。這是我的榮幸。

Could you do me a favor?——你能幫我一個(gè)忙嗎？

A: Mary, could you do me a favor? B: Sure, if I can.A: Of course, you can.I’d like you to type this document for me.B: All right.Put it on my desk.A: Mary，你能幫我個(gè)忙嗎？ B: 當(dāng)然，如果我能幫上忙的話。

A: 你當(dāng)然能。我想讓你幫我打一下這個(gè)文件。B: 好吧。把它放在我的桌子上吧。

Thank you all the same.—不管怎樣還是要謝謝你。

A: I’m sorry.The brand of perfume you wanted is not available in Hong Kong now.B: That’s a pity.But thank you all the same.A: 對(duì)不起。你要的那種牌子的香水在香港買不到。B: 真遺憾。不管怎樣還是要謝謝你。

Don’t mention it!—不必客氣。

A: Excuse me, can I use your telephone? B: Of course.Go ahead.A: I’m sorry to bother you.But my phone hasn’t been installed yet.B: Don’t mention it.You are welcome(at any time).A: 請(qǐng)問，我能用一下你的電話嗎？ B: 當(dāng)然可以。用吧。

A: 很抱歉打擾你。我的電話還沒有裝上。B: 不必客氣。(隨時(shí))歡迎你來。

It doesn’t matter to me.—對(duì)我來說無所謂。

A: I’ve decided to buy that villa.What do you think? B: It’s none of my business.It doesn’t matter to me.A: 我已經(jīng)決定買那幢別墅了。你覺得怎么樣？ B: 這不關(guān)我的事。對(duì)我來說無所謂。

第四篇：專業(yè)英語翻譯部分

僅供參考！發(fā)現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤請(qǐng)及時(shí)指出！

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Climate plays a very important role in the genesis of a soil.On the global scale, there is an obvious correlation between major soil types and the Koppen climatic classification systems major climate types.At regional and local scales, climate becomes less important in soil formation.Instead, Pedogenesis is more influenced by factors like parent material, topography, vegetation, and time.The two most important climatic variables influencing soil formation are temperature arid moisture.Temperature has direct influence on the weathering of bedrock to produce mineral particles.Rates of bedrock weathering generally increase with higher temperatures.Temperature also influences the activity of soil microorganisms, the frequency and magnitude of soil chemical reactions, and the rate of plant growth, moisture levels in most soils are primarily controlled by the addition of water via precipitation minus the losses due to evapotranspiration.If additions of water from precipitation surpass losses from evapotranspiration, moisture levels in a soil tend to be high.If the water loss due to evapotranspiration exceeds inputs from precipitation, moisture levels in a soil tend to be low.High moisture availability in a soil promotes the weathering, of bedrock and sediments, chemical reactions, and plant growth.The availability of moisture also has an influence on soil pH and the decomposition of organic matter.氣候在土壤形成過程中扮演了重要角色。從全球尺度來看，主要的土壤分類和科彭氣候分類法確定的主要的氣候類型有明星的聯(lián)系。在區(qū)域和地方性的范圍內(nèi)，氣候顯得不是那么重要。取而代之的是母質(zhì)，地形，植被和時(shí)間。溫度和濕度是影響土壤形成的兩個(gè)重要的變量。溫度直接影響基巖風(fēng)化產(chǎn)生礦物顆粒。溫度越高，基巖轉(zhuǎn)化為礦物顆粒的比例越大。溫度同樣影響土壤微生物的活躍度，土壤化學(xué)反應(yīng)的頻率和數(shù)量，植物生長(zhǎng)的比例。大多數(shù)的土壤濕度是由降水減去蒸發(fā)作用控制的。如果降水超過蒸發(fā)作用消耗的水，土壤濕度就會(huì)很高。如果降水少于蒸發(fā)作用，土壤的濕度就會(huì)變低。土壤內(nèi)大量的可用的水氣會(huì)提升母巖溫度和沉積，化學(xué)反應(yīng)，還有植物生長(zhǎng)。微生物也會(huì)影響土壤的PH和有機(jī)物的分解。

Living organisms have a role in a number of processes involved in pedogenesis including organic matter accumulation, profile mixing, and biogeochemical nutrient cycling.Under equilibrium conditions, vegetation and soil are closely linked with each other through nutrient cycling.The cycling of nitrogen and carbon in soils is almost completely controlled by the presence of animals and plants.Through litterfall and the process of decomposition, organisms add humus and nutrients to the soil which influences soil structure and fertility.Surface vegetation also protects the upper layers of a soil from erosion by way of binding the soils surface and reducing the speed of moving wind and water across the ground surface.成土作用過程中，生命體參與了其中的有機(jī)物積累，屬性混合和生物化學(xué)養(yǎng)分的循環(huán)。在平衡條件下，植被和土壤通過彼此的養(yǎng)分循環(huán)緊密聯(lián)系在一起。土壤中的碳氮循環(huán)幾乎都需要?jiǎng)游锖椭参锏膮⑴c控制。通過落葉和分解過程，微生物把腐殖質(zhì)和營(yíng)養(yǎng)成分帶給土壤，也因此影響了土壤的結(jié)構(gòu)和肥力。表層植物也可以固定表層土壤來保護(hù)上層的土壤不被途經(jīng)的風(fēng)和水帶走。

Parent material refers to the rock and mineral materials from which the soils develop.These materials can be derived from residual sediment due to the weathering of bedrock or from sediment transported into an area by way of the erosive forces of wind, water, or ice.Pedogenesis is often faster on transported sediments because the weathering of parent material usually takes a long period of time.The influence of parent material on pedogenesis is usually related to soil texture, soil chemistry, and nutrient cycling.母質(zhì)是指土壤形成所在的巖石和礦物質(zhì)。巖床的風(fēng)化或者由侵蝕力（比如風(fēng)，水，冰）帶來的沉積物都可以變?yōu)樾纬赡纲|(zhì)需要的物質(zhì)。外來的沉積物形成的成土作用通常都比較快，因?yàn)轱L(fēng)化母質(zhì)需要很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間。母質(zhì)在成土過程中的影響就是它參與了土壤的質(zhì)地，土壤化學(xué)和養(yǎng)分循環(huán)。

The distribution of precipitation on the Earth's surface is generally controlled by the absence or presence of mechanisms that lift air masses to cause saturation.It is also controlled by the amount of water vapor held in the air, which is a function of air temperature.A figure is presented that illustrates global precipitation patterns.氣體上升聚集達(dá)到飽和，是否存在這種飽和基本上決定了地球表面降水的分布。同時(shí)，大氣中包含水蒸氣的含量也影響了降水，水蒸氣的含量是由大氣溫度控制的。下面的一組數(shù)字將闡明全球降水模式。

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Evaporation and transpiration are the two processes that move water from the Earth’s surface to its atmosphere.Evaporation is movement of free water to the atmosphere as a gas.It requires large amounts of energy.Transpiration is the movement of water through a plant to the atmosphere.Scientists use the term evapotranspiration to describe both processes.In general, the following four factors control the amount of water entering the atmosphere via these two processes: energy availability;the humidity gradient away from the evaporating surface;the wind speed immediately above the surface;and water availability.Agricultural scientists sometimes refer to two types of evapotranspiration: Actual Evapotranspiration and Potential Evapotranspiration.The growth of crops is a function of water supply.If crops experience drought, yields are reduced.Irrigation can supply crops with supplemental water.By determining both actual evapotranspiration and potential evapotranspiration a farmer can calculate the irrigation water needs of their crops.蒸發(fā)作用和蒸騰作用是把水從地表帶到大氣的最主要的兩個(gè)過程。蒸發(fā)是空余的水變成蒸汽進(jìn)入大氣的移動(dòng)過程。這個(gè)過程需要大量的能量。蒸騰作用是水通過植物進(jìn)入大氣。科學(xué)家用蒸散作用來統(tǒng)稱這兩個(gè)過程。通常情況下，下面四個(gè)因素影響了這兩個(gè)過程：可利用的能量、蒸發(fā)表面的溫度梯度、蒸發(fā)表面即時(shí)風(fēng)速、可用的水。農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)家認(rèn)為蒸散作用有兩種方式：實(shí)際的蒸散和潛在的蒸散。農(nóng)作物生長(zhǎng)是供水的過程。如果作物經(jīng)歷了干旱，就會(huì)導(dǎo)致減產(chǎn)。灌溉可以給作物提供附加的水。如果知道了實(shí)際蒸散和潛在蒸散的量，農(nóng)民就可以計(jì)算作物灌溉需要的水量。

Infiltration is the movement of water from precipitation into the soil layer.Infiltration varies both spatially and temporally due to a number of environmental factors.After a rain, infiltration can create a condition where the soil is completely full of water.This condition is, however, only short-lived as a portion of this water quickly drains(gravitational water)via the force exerted on the water by gravity.The portion that remains is called the field capacity.In the soil, field capacity represents a film of water coating all individual soil particles to a thickness of 0.06 mm.The soil water from 0.0002 to 0.06 mm(known as capillary water)can be removed from the soil through the processes of evaporation and transpiration.Both of these processes operate at the surface.Capillary action moves water from one area in the soil to replace losses in another area(biggest losses tend to be at the surface because of plant consumption and evaporation).This movement of water by capillary action generally creates a homogeneous concentration of water throughout the soil profile.Losses of water stop when the film of water around soil particles reaches 0.0002 mm.Water held from the surface of the soil particles to 0.0002 mm is essentially immobile and can only be completely removed with high temperatures(greater than 100 degrees Celsius).Within the soil system, several different forces influence the storage of water.滲透是水從降水進(jìn)入土壤層的過程。滲透由于一些自然的因素會(huì)發(fā)生空間的和暫時(shí)的變化。下完雨之后，滲透會(huì)形成一個(gè)土壤完全充滿水的情況。但是這種情況只是暫時(shí)的，一部分雨水會(huì)由于重力作用排出。留下的那一部分雨水被稱為土地含水能力。土地含水能力展示給我們一個(gè)水薄膜，在這個(gè)薄膜里，所有相互獨(dú)立的土壤粒子被厚度僅僅為0.06毫米的水包裹著。土壤中0.0002到0.06毫米的水都可以通過蒸散作用排出。所以這些過程都發(fā)生在表面。毛細(xì)作用把水從一個(gè)地方搬運(yùn)到另一個(gè)流失水的地方（最大的水流失應(yīng)該就是植物表面的蒸騰和蒸發(fā)）。這種毛細(xì)作用可以報(bào)證土壤內(nèi)的水的濃度是均勻的。土壤粒子包被的水薄膜到0.0002毫米時(shí)，水就停止流失。這時(shí)的水本質(zhì)上除了超過100攝氏度的情況是不可移動(dòng)的。在土壤系統(tǒng)內(nèi)部，這幾種力量影響了水的短缺度。

Population Structure / Population Pyramids

The population structure for an area shows the number of males and females within different age groups in the population.This information is displayed as an age-sex or population pyramid.Population pyramids of LEDCs typically have a wide base and a narrow top.This represents a high birth rate and high death rate.Population pyramids of MEDCs typically have a roughly equal distribution of population throughout the age groups.The top obviously gets narrower as a result of deaths.Population pyramids for every country in the world can be found here.Population pyramids are used to show the structure of the population according to age and sex.一個(gè)地方的人口結(jié)構(gòu)告訴我們?cè)摰夭煌挲g段男性和女性的人口數(shù)量。這些信息展示出了一個(gè)年齡-性別或者人口數(shù)量的金字塔。發(fā)展中國(guó)家的人口金字塔通常有很大的根基和很窄的塔尖。這體現(xiàn)了這些國(guó)家的高出生率和高死亡率。發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的人口金字塔在不同年齡段大概是均勻分布的。塔尖由于死亡的原因會(huì)稍微窄一些。世界上所有國(guó)家的人口金字塔在這里都可以找到。人口金字塔通常用來展示人口在年齡和性別上的結(jié)構(gòu)。

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The increase of greenhouse gases are the primary causes of the human-induced component of warming.Because of burning of fossil fuels, land clearing and agriculture, the amount of CO2 and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere have increased by more than a third.Changes this large have historically taken thousands of years, but are now happening over the course of decades.溫室氣體增加的主要原因是人類-誘導(dǎo)氣溫的上升。因?yàn)榛剂系娜紵?，大地沒有植被以及農(nóng)業(yè)，大氣中二氧化碳和其他溫室氣體的排放量已經(jīng)上升了1/3。經(jīng)歷這么大的變化曾經(jīng)需要數(shù)千年，但是現(xiàn)在只在近十年內(nèi)就完成了。

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Sea Level Rising.With the melt of ice cap and glaciers, sea level has rised 0.8 to 3.0 millimeter.With large numbers of cities located in coastal areas, this causes serious problems.Beach erosion takes place, particularly on steep banks.Wetlands are lost.This is a picture of Shanghai at present, while this may be the picture of Shanghai several years later.Another serious problem is the threat of salt water intruding into underground fresh water in coastal areas.Millions of people will be forced to leave their homes and homelands.海平面上升。隨著冰蓋和冰川的融化，海平面已經(jīng)上升了0.8到3.0毫米。由于很多城市坐落在沿海地區(qū)，這就可能帶來災(zāi)難性的問題。海岸侵蝕開始出現(xiàn)，尤其是在陡峭的海岸。濕地逐漸消失。這正是上?，F(xiàn)在發(fā)生的，也可能是幾年以后上海出現(xiàn)的景象。另一個(gè)嚴(yán)重的問題是鹽水侵入沿海地區(qū)的底下淡水。數(shù)以萬計(jì)的人民不得不背井離鄉(xiāng)。

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They dominate the country in influence and are the national focal-point.Their sheer size and activity becomes a strong pull factor, bringing additional residents to the city and causing the primate city to become even larger and more disproportional to smaller cities in the country.However, not every country has a primate city, as you'll see from the list below.他們通過影響力支配這個(gè)國(guó)家，是整個(gè)國(guó)家的焦點(diǎn)。他們的規(guī)模大小和活動(dòng)變成一股強(qiáng)大的推動(dòng)力，帶來額外的居民，讓這些首位城市變得更大，以至于跟國(guó)內(nèi)的其他小城市相比有些不協(xié)調(diào)。但是，并不是所有國(guó)家都有這樣一個(gè)首位城市，你可以從下面的表里看出來。

Some scholars define a primate city as one that is larger than the combined populations of the second and third ranked cities in a country.This definition does not represent true primacy, however, as the size of the first ranked city is not disproportionate to the second.一些學(xué)者定義首位城市就是比排名第二和第三位城市人口總和還要多的城市。但是這個(gè)定義沒有體現(xiàn)從城市規(guī)模的角度分析，排名前兩位的城市也是不成比例的，所以并不被認(rèn)可。

The law can be applied to smaller regions as well.For example, California's primate city is Los Angeles, with a metropolitan area population of 16 million, which is more than double the San Francisco metropolitan area of 7 million.Even counties can be examined with regard to the Law of the Primate City.這個(gè)法則可以用到小的區(qū)域。舉個(gè)例子，加州的首位城市是洛杉磯，城市人口達(dá)到1600萬，比舊金山的700高出甚多。甚至村莊也可以用首位城市法則來分析。

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Scope of land consolidation schemes（本段藍(lán)字為不確定部分）

Land consolidation has always been regarded as an instrument or entry point for rural development.Early concepts of rural development were virtually the same as agricultural development because of the predominant role of agriculture in rural areas at the time.Improving the agrarian structure was viewed as being identical to maintaining the social viability in rural areas;what was good for the farmers was good for rural areas.An overall objective of early projects was thus to increase the net income from land holdings by increasing the volume of production and decreasing its costs.With this focus on agricultural development, these projects served to consolidate parcels and enlarge holdings and included provisions such as irrigation and drainage infrastructure to improve water management, construction of rural roads, land levelling, soil improvement measures and changes to land use such as converting agriculturally inferior land into forest land or wetlands.土地合并經(jīng)常被認(rèn)為是發(fā)展農(nóng)村的一個(gè)手段或者切入點(diǎn)。早期的農(nóng)村發(fā)展概念基本上和農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展一樣的，因?yàn)槟菚r(shí)候的農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)占據(jù)了農(nóng)村的主導(dǎo)地位。改進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)看起來是和保留農(nóng)村地區(qū)社會(huì)生存能力一樣的事情。對(duì)農(nóng)民好也就是對(duì)農(nóng)村地區(qū)好。因此早期項(xiàng)目的總體目標(biāo)是通過增加產(chǎn)量和減少成本，以此增加從土地獲得的凈收益。隨著注意力轉(zhuǎn)移到農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展上，這些項(xiàng)目服務(wù)于鞏固捆綁，增大資產(chǎn)，還這些規(guī)定：修建灌溉和排水基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施來提升用水管理能力，修建農(nóng)村公路，土地平整，土壤改良措施以及改變土地用途比如說把貧瘠的土地轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)樯只蛘邼竦亍?/p>

Such agricultural improvements are still essential but rural space is now no longer regarded as one of agricultural production alone.Concepts of rural development have become much broader and have expanded to include increased environmental awareness and a wide range of nonagricultural applications.The emphasis of land consolidation projects has shifted from a focus on restructuring agriculture to one of achieving more efficient multiple use of rural space by balancing the interests of agriculture, landscape, nature conservation, recreation and transportation, especially when land is required for the construction of major roads.這些農(nóng)業(yè)進(jìn)步仍然是必不可少的，但是現(xiàn)在農(nóng)村地區(qū)不再僅僅是農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的區(qū)域了。農(nóng)村發(fā)展的概念已經(jīng)變得更加廣闊，已經(jīng)拓展到包含環(huán)境意識(shí)和非農(nóng)業(yè)應(yīng)用的領(lǐng)域。土地合并的項(xiàng)目的重點(diǎn)已經(jīng)不再只關(guān)注農(nóng)業(yè)重組，它上升到通過平衡農(nóng)業(yè)利益，地形，自然保護(hù)，娛樂和運(yùn)輸(尤其是需要修建主要干道的時(shí)候)來獲取最大的利益。

Environmental conditions are being given increasing priority.Roads are being constructed to suit the landscape.Water bodies are being restored, often with buffer zones.Land consolidation projects are also used for the protection of wetlands and to change land use patterns especially in areas endangered by frequent floods or soil erosion.人們把環(huán)境情況作為優(yōu)先考慮。修路需要符合地形。水體被修復(fù)，一般都還有緩沖區(qū)。土地合并項(xiàng)目經(jīng)常用于保護(hù)濕地，還有改變土地利用模式，特別是在因?yàn)轭l發(fā)的洪水和水土流失致使土地瀕臨消失的地方。

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Leakage

The direct income for an area is the amount of tourist expenditure that remains locally after taxes, profits, and wages are paid outside the area and after imports are purchased;these subtracted amounts are called leakage.In most all-inclusive package tours, about 80% of travelers' expenditures go to the airlines, hotels and other international companies(who often have their headquarters in the travelers' home countries), and not to local businesses or workers.In addition, significant amounts of income actually retained at destination level can leave again through leakage.消費(fèi)者的支出除去稅費(fèi)，利潤(rùn)，支出的工資以及進(jìn)口所需剩下的一部分，就是旅游目的地的直接收入，也叫做滲漏。在大部分全包價(jià)旅游中，旅游者支出的80%付給了航空公司，酒店和其他國(guó)際公司（通常在旅游者來源國(guó)有分支部門），并不是當(dāng)?shù)氐纳痰昊蛘吖と?。此外，大量的達(dá)到目標(biāo)水平的收入一般會(huì)經(jīng)過滲漏再次離開當(dāng)?shù)亍?01頁

Tourism development and the related rise in real estate demand may dramatically increase building costs and land values.Not only does this make it more difficult for local people, especially in developing countries, to meet their basic daily needs, it can also result in a dominance by outsiders in land markets and in-migration that erodes economic opportunities for the locals, eventually disempowering residents.In Costa Rica, close to 65% of the hotels belong to foreigners.Long-term tourists living in second homes, and the so-called amenity migrants(wealthy or retired people and liberal professionals moving to attractive destinations in order to enjoy the atmosphere and peaceful rhythms of life)cause price hikes in their new homes if their numbers attain a certain critical mass.旅游業(yè)的發(fā)展和相關(guān)切實(shí)需要的房地產(chǎn)需求可能戲劇性的促進(jìn)了建筑造假和土地價(jià)值。不止是這些造成了當(dāng)?shù)鼐用?特別是在發(fā)展中國(guó)家-難以得到基本日常所需，還會(huì)導(dǎo)致外來者在土地市場(chǎng)和遷移這些對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)厝藢儆诮?jīng)濟(jì)侵略的領(lǐng)域處于支配地位。在哥斯達(dá)黎加，近60%的酒店屬于外國(guó)人，長(zhǎng)期的游客住在第二個(gè)家，這些所謂的美化城市的居民（富人或者退休的人，還有那些想要享受平靜生活和優(yōu)美環(huán)境的自由主義者）的數(shù)量如果達(dá)到一個(gè)臨界值，就會(huì)引起他們新家附近的價(jià)格飛漲。

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Storm structure

The process by which a disturbance forms and subsequently strengthens into a hurricane depends on at least three conditions.Warm waters and moisture are mentioned above.The third condition is a wind pattern near the ocean surface that spirals air inward.Bands of thunderstorms form, allowing the air to warm further and rise higher into the atmosphere.If the winds at these higher levels are relatively light, this structure can remain intact and allow for additional strengthening.一股躁動(dòng)氣流隨后加強(qiáng)成為颶風(fēng)的過程需要至少3個(gè)條件。溫水和降水是必不可少的，第三個(gè)條件是在海洋表面有內(nèi)螺旋的空氣所形成的風(fēng)。雷電風(fēng)暴的形成，讓空氣溫度升高，然后上升到大氣。如果在這個(gè)更高高度的風(fēng)是相對(duì)輕的，這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)還會(huì)保持完整然后繼續(xù)加強(qiáng)。

第五篇：期末英語翻譯部分

補(bǔ)全句子： 1.（應(yīng)該適合人類，并有助于人機(jī)合一)Should serve man and contribute to cybernetics 2.（不斷發(fā)新產(chǎn)品，并具備以前計(jì)算機(jī)所不具備的功能）design new machines continuously, which are capable of doing work that earlier computers could not;（在平?；顒?dòng)中肩負(fù)起更多的責(zé)任）take over more functions in daily life.3.（預(yù)測(cè)產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)的市場(chǎng)可接受度）predict which products and services the market will bear;（評(píng)估產(chǎn)品生命力的寶貴工具）an invaluable tools for assessing the viability of a product 4.（每當(dāng)DOS執(zhí)行一個(gè)程序）each time DOS executes a program;（當(dāng)你正在通過Microsoft Windowws執(zhí)行多個(gè)程序時(shí)）when executing multiple programs via Microsoft Windows 5.（當(dāng)工作難找的時(shí)候）When jobs are scarce;（常常被有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的工人排擠）tend to be pushed out in favor of experienced workers 6.（在這些更強(qiáng)大的目標(biāo)導(dǎo)向的工具方面進(jìn)行投資是有意義的）it is a good time to invest in these more powerful , goal-directed tools 7.（為用戶進(jìn)行內(nèi)容定制）it executes the user’s custom contest;（將處理后的內(nèi)容轉(zhuǎn)換到所用的特定設(shè)備）it then loads the content onto the designated device in use 8.（不懂得與時(shí)俱進(jìn)）do not keep up with regulations;（只會(huì)束縛人們的手腳）haue their hand tied 9.1.(是一個(gè)富于變化的領(lǐng)域，包括許多相互作用的組成部分)a diverse field with many interacting components;（賦予信息，激發(fā)對(duì)話）imparts information, stimulates dialogue 10.（從食品，動(dòng)物到植物健康部門的各種專家）a diverse range of experts from the food, animal and plant health sectors 11.（從某種程度上）to a certain extent;（我國(guó)土地資源的后續(xù)利用，食品安全和生態(tài)環(huán)境）follow-up utilizing of land resource, food security and ecological environment of our country 12.（細(xì)菌太小，肉眼看不見).Bacteria are too

small to see with the naked the eye;（以避免細(xì)菌污染）avoid contamination with bacteria 13.（常被用作奶油的代用品）often used as a

substitute for butter

14.（轉(zhuǎn)基因食品）genetically modified food;（轉(zhuǎn)

基因食品優(yōu)點(diǎn)）the merit of GM food 15.（加強(qiáng)食品監(jiān)督與管理）strengthen the

supervision and administration of food safety;（維護(hù)好食品市場(chǎng)的秩序）maintain a good order of the food market

16.（采取了一項(xiàng)方案，就是在其投入英國(guó)市場(chǎng)食

品上做標(biāo)注）introduced a labeling scheme for their products in the British market

17.（停止進(jìn)口諸如火腿，肉制品等）suspend the

import of meats such as ham, pork products and others

18.（沒能說服數(shù)百人改掉這一惡習(xí)）has failed to

convince hundreds of millions of people to abandon the bad habit 19.（令人質(zhì)疑）raise eyebrows

20.（延伸覆蓋大范圍的市場(chǎng)）stretches across a

wide range of markets

21.（擦亮品牌）burnished the brand name 22.（為總裁們完成了一項(xiàng)最大的采購(gòu)）have

made the ultimate acquisition for chief executives;（大手筆的花掉220億美元財(cái)富的一部分）splashed some of the $22bn fortune 23.（使谷歌在未來幾年里成為不可忽視的力量）

keep Google the force to be reckoned with for years to come

24.（以13.99的優(yōu)惠價(jià)格搶購(gòu)最新、最喜歡的Ｔ

恤衫）snap up your latest favorite T-shirt on sale for $13.99

25.（你將或多或少不得不面對(duì)數(shù)額巨大的出價(jià)）

you will be faced with a huge number of offers, to varying degrees

26.（使你在行業(yè)中處于更有利的地位）give you

a competitive advantage in your industry 27.（占谷歌所有搜索查詢的四分之一）accounts

for a quarter of all Google search queries 28.（嘗試區(qū)分人類訪客和自動(dòng)化訪問者或機(jī)器

人）try to distinguish human visitors from automated visitors or robots

29.（富于創(chuàng)新精神的搜索引擎）innovative search engines 30.（提出設(shè)計(jì)）come up with a design 31.（堅(jiān)守社會(huì)責(zé)任和保護(hù)自然環(huán)境的承諾）commitment to social responsibility and protecting the environment 32.（為訂立國(guó)際條約和行動(dòng)綱領(lǐng)建立共識(shí)）builds consensus towards international treaties and programmes of action 33.（在我們的短暫一生中，最好貢獻(xiàn)莫過于此了）I don’t know of any better service to offer for the short time we are in the world 34.（我們要竭盡全力確?！毒┒甲h定書》生效）We should make every effort to ensure the Kyoto Protocol to come into force 35.（對(duì)生態(tài)環(huán)境影響相對(duì)較?。﹔elatively little effect on the ecological environment;（一項(xiàng)重要政策）an important policy 36.活著的樹木可以吸收碳）Living trees absorb carbon;（大氣中碳的釋放）the release of carbon into the atmosphere 37.（受由污染引起的酸雨影響）is affected by the acid rain caused by pollution 38.（盡管氮無毒且很大程度上不活潑）Although nitrogen is nontoxic and largely inert 39.（由清水狀態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)樵孱愡^量繁殖狀態(tài)）from a clear –water state to an algal bloom 40.（毀滅一個(gè)地理上孤立的小族群）wipe out a geographically isolated group 整句翻譯：

41.為實(shí)現(xiàn)這些目標(biāo)，在1997年簽署了《京都議定書》，并于2005年開始強(qiáng)制生效。The Kyoto Protocol, which set about realizing those aims, was signed in 1997 and came into force in 2005.42.如果不能重新擬定新的國(guó)際公約，人類將沒有任何機(jī)會(huì)來防治嚴(yán)重的氣候突變問題。Without a new global agreement , there is not much chance of averting serious climate change.43.人們擔(dān)憂的是對(duì)碳排放征稅將使商業(yè)和經(jīng)濟(jì)受到創(chuàng)傷。What is worrying is that carbon taxes will hurt business and the economy.44.請(qǐng)你舉一個(gè)具體的例子，說明你是怎樣對(duì)你所處的環(huán)境進(jìn)行評(píng)估并找到重點(diǎn)，以獲得你所期望的結(jié)果的。Provide an example of how you assessed a situation and achieved good results by focusing on the

most important priorities.45.我們決心將每一個(gè)項(xiàng)目的成本降到最低，盡量提高效益。We are determined to minimise the cost of each and every project and to maximize

cost-effectiveness.41.（智商體現(xiàn)一種遺傳的，即可繼承的特質(zhì)，或

者是文化傳播的特質(zhì)，該特質(zhì)受家長(zhǎng)和社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)地位的影響。無論是哪一種，測(cè)試智商都不能影響社會(huì)的流動(dòng)性）.IQ measures a genetic, and therefore heritable, traits or a culturally transmitted trait, influenced by parents and socio-economic status.Either way, testing IQ could not influence social mobility.42.（數(shù)據(jù)已經(jīng)添加或更新在數(shù)據(jù)庫中，但由于沒

有達(dá)到從屬記錄源中的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)而將無法顯示）43.The data was added or updated in the database，but will not be displayed because it does not satisfy the criteria in the subordinate record source.44.（沒有一種學(xué)科方法證明，暴露于10ppm某

種污染達(dá)24小時(shí)是“安全的”，而暴露在超過那個(gè)污染程度便是“危險(xiǎn)的”）There no scientific way to demonstrate that exposure to a pollutant in a concentration of one hundred parts per million for twenty-four hours is “safe”, while

exposures

above

that

level

ale

“dangerous”.45.（香港大學(xué)非常重視研究工作，專門成立了研

究生院協(xié)調(diào)各學(xué)院的研究教學(xué)工作，確保研究教育的質(zhì)量）With much emphasis on research activities, Hong Kong university has established a Graduate School to co-ordinate research among faculty members and to ensure quality research and education.46.（傳統(tǒng)的看法人為錯(cuò)誤消息框的作用是在用

戶錯(cuò)了時(shí)通知他們。實(shí)際上，大多數(shù)錯(cuò)誤公告的作用是在計(jì)算機(jī)對(duì)指令感到不明時(shí)向用戶報(bào)告）Conventional wisdom has held that error messages tell users when they have made a mistake.Actually, must error bulletins report when the computer gets confused.47.（由于某種原因，越來越多的人逐漸重視飲食

問題。無論因?yàn)榍榫w上的壓力或是身體上的意外創(chuàng)傷，還是由于自信心的緣故，人們似乎都從飲食上尋求慰藉，而不是去尋求專業(yè)幫助）More and more people are developing eating issues for many different reasons.Whether it is because of emotional stress, traumatic incidents, or self-confidence issues ,people seem to run to food for comfort instead of seeking professional help

48.（其他人爭(zhēng)論說，糧食匱乏不是糧食產(chǎn)量的問題，而是政府忽視了農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展，未能有效利用糧食援救。而且保護(hù)性的貿(mào)易壁壘使消除饑餓更加困難）Others argue that food insecurity is not an issue of a shortfull in food production but rather that governments have neglected agricultural development ,made ineffective use of food aid ,and ,through protective trade barriers, made hunger alleviation more difficult to attain.49.你是否想過為什么快餐連鎖店能夠立刻做好你所點(diǎn)的菜，而在家里媽媽總是要花費(fèi)幾個(gè)小時(shí)的時(shí)間做飯？答案很簡(jiǎn)單?？觳瓦B鎖店使用了能夠加快烹飪過程的物質(zhì)，而科學(xué)證明，這些物質(zhì)有害人體健康，如果長(zhǎng)期食用，會(huì)產(chǎn)生嚴(yán)重的危害。Have you ever wondered as to why the fast food joint are able to provide you with your order in no time whereas mom at home takes hours to cook? The answer lies in the simple fact that in fast food joints substances that enhance the cooking process are used.It has been scientifically proved that these substances are very harmful to health and pose serious threats on continuous consumption.50.這看上去好像是科幻小說中的情節(jié)：政府已經(jīng)宣稱克隆動(dòng)物所產(chǎn)的肉和奶是安全的，而今，克隆食品赫然出現(xiàn)在了全國(guó)的食品供應(yīng)鏈中。It sounds like a scenario from a science-fiction novel: The government has declared that meat and dairy from cloned animals is safe.and now cloned products can show up in the nation’s food supply.53 51..如今，食品和藥物管理局（ＦＤＡ）將要求進(jìn)口商能夠證實(shí)他們外國(guó)的供應(yīng)商正在采取必要的安全防范措施。換句話說，他們應(yīng)該能夠確定來自智利的黑鱸與來自緬因州的龍蝦符合同樣的安全標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。Now, the FDA will

require importers to be able to verify that their foreign suppliers are taking the necessary safety precautions.In other words ,they’ll be able to make sure that sea bass from Chile meets the same safety standards as lobster from Maine.整句翻譯：

52.如果該公司能夠迎接復(fù)雜的、高度精密的生產(chǎn)

和極端期限的挑戰(zhàn)，它不僅能提高自身作為行業(yè)翹楚的聲譽(yù)，而且還會(huì)打開其他機(jī)會(huì)之門。If this company can meet the challenge of the complex, high-precision production and the tight deadline, it will not only burnish its reputation as industry leader but open up other opportunities.53.ＢＰ（英國(guó)石油）令人吃驚的談到其在中國(guó)擴(kuò)

張的雄心。不多，分析師們警告稱，中國(guó)煉油行業(yè)盈利能力不佳意味著在該行業(yè)的任何投資到頭來都可能是不具吸引力的。BP has raised eyebrows by talking about its ambitions for expansion in China.However, analysts warned that the poor profitability of China’s refining industry meant that taking a stake in the sector might prove unattractive.54.即使經(jīng)過幾年溫和增長(zhǎng)，股票期權(quán)也能使投資

者獲得可觀收益。Even after a few years of moderate growth, stock options can produce a handsome return for investors.55.空中客車公司（Airbus）與波音公司一直就世

界軍事飛機(jī)合同進(jìn)行一場(chǎng)長(zhǎng)期的殊死戰(zhàn)斗。就在一個(gè)月前在美國(guó)，ＥＡＤＳ，空中客車的母公司，拿走了波音公司一個(gè)將近四百億美元的空中加油機(jī)合同。Airbus have been fighting a long and bruising battle with Boeing for military aircraft contracts around the world.Just a month ago in the U.S., EADS, the parent company of Airbus , snatched away a nearly 40 billion air tanker contract from Boeing.56.在現(xiàn)在所有語言中沒有一個(gè)詞可以準(zhǔn)確地描

述信息技術(shù)對(duì)人類生活的巨大影響。No word in all languages exists to describe the great impact of information technology on human life.